随着信息时代的到来，日益增长的海量数据对数据存储技术提出了高容量、高安全性和高存储时长等要求。常规的磁存储技术难以满足这些要求，面临着前所未有的挑战。随着激光器的发明和纳米技术的快速发展，基于金纳米棒与读写激光相互作用的五维光存储技术应运而生，其存储密度高和寿命长的特点能够满足上述要求。本文将总结如何从结构物质的角度来实现读写激光物理维度的复用和多进制存储以及如何从结构光的角度来实现超分辨存储。本文还将讨论进一步提升五维光存储容量的方法，并对这种技术的未来发展方向进行展望。

The digital data created by human being grows exponentially in time. Conventional magnetic storage technologies are difficult to meet this challenge. It means that new storage technologies with higher capacity, higher security and longer storage time should be developed to meet the challenge in information age. With the invention of lasers and the rapid development of nanotechnology, multidimensional optical data storage based on the polarization and wavelength dependent responses of gold nanorods was demonstrated to be capable of meeting these requirements. We will review the recent progresses about five-dimensional optical data storage and multilevel storage utilizing disorder gold nanorod from the structured matter point of view and super resolution storage from the structured light point of view, respectively. We also provide outlooks for how to further increase the capacity of the five dimensional optical data storage and our future prospective of this technology.