量子点( Quantum dots, QDs)由于本身所具有的量子限域效应、尺寸效应和表面效应等各种特性, 被广泛应用于光电探测、生物医学、新能源等方面。而中波红外( Mid-wave infrared, MWIR)量子点作为近年来红外领域的研究热点, 通过调整控制其尺寸的大小, 能够扩展其红外吸收波长。因此, 成功制备中波红外量子点材料和器件对红外成像、红外制导和搜索跟踪等方面有着重要意义。本文首先介绍了 HgSe、HgTe、PbSe、Ag2Se和 HgCdTe五种中波红外量子点材料制备合成技术, 分析了量子点的尺寸形貌、晶格条纹以及红外吸收光谱等特性, 然后对国内外中波红外量子点探测器进行了归纳总结, 概述了探测器的器件结构、制备方法, 并对器件的响应率、探测率以及响应时间等光电性能参数进行了对比分析。最后, 对中波红外量子点的发展进行了展望。

Quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in photoelectric detection, biomedicine, new energy, and other fields because of their quantum limitations, size, and surface effects. Recent years have seen midwave infrared (MWIR) quantum dots (QDs) become a focal point in infrared research. By adjusting and controlling their size, these QDs can extend their absorption wavelengths in the infrared spectrum. Therefore, the successful preparation of infrared QD materials and devices is crucial for infrared imaging, guidance, search, and tracking. This study first introduces the preparation and synthesis technology of five types of MWIR QDs materials, HgSe, HgTe, PbSe, Ag2Se, and HgCdTe, analyzes the size and morphology, lattice fringe, and infrared absorption spectrum characteristics of the QDs, and then summarizes the domestic and foreign MWIR QDs detectors. The device structures and preparation methods of the detector are summarized, and the photoelectric performance parameters, such as responsivity, detectivity, and response time, of the detectors are compared and analyzed. Finally, the development of MWIR QDs was discussed.