管道泄漏引发的负压波信号及其沿管道衰减程度与管道工况、长度及泄漏孔直径等因素有关。针对传统负压波监测方法定位精度低、可靠性差等问题, 提出了一种光纤负压波管道泄漏监测方法。由泄漏负压波在管道中传播规律, 通过提高传感器布设密度, 降低信号衰减强度, 得到了更清晰的负压波下降沿拐点信息。根据泄漏点所在传感器区间不同, 提出了自适应负压波波速数值计算方法。在实验室分别对光纤与传统负压波泄漏监测方法进行对比分析, 实验结果显示, 在泄漏量为管道总运输量5%的工况下, 光纤监测法泄漏定位误差小于1.6%, 较传统的监测方法能获得更高的管道泄漏监测灵敏度及定位精度, 具有更加广阔的应用前景。

Negative pressure wave signal caused by pipeline leakage and attenuation along the pipe was relative to pipe length, working condition and leaking hole diameter. In order to solve the problems of low precision and poor reliability in traditional monitoring methods, a negative pressure wave-based pipeline leak monitoring method using optical fiber pressure sensors was proposed. According to the propagation law of negative pressure wave in the pipeline, by increasing the density of sensors along the pipeline, the signal attenuation would be reduced, and a clearer negative pressure wave falling inflection information could be acquired. According to the leak difference in sensor section, a new adaptive method based on leaking distance was proposed for calculating the velocity of negative pressure wave. Finally, the optical fiber and traditional negative pressure wave leakage monitoring methods were analyzed respectively, experimental results showed that the leakage location error of fiber optic monitoring method was less than 1.6% when the leakage was 5% of the total pipeline transportation. Compared with traditional monitoring method, fiber optic monitoring method could obtain higher sensitivity and positioning accuracy, has more broad application prospects.