同步提升陶瓷材料强度及损伤容限是陶瓷发展的核心问题。一百多年前预应力技术大幅提高混凝土和玻璃的弯曲强度, 并在世界上广泛应用以来, 预应力增强陶瓷材料的设计就成为一个百年梦想。本文总结了增强陶瓷的国内外研究进展, 并提出了全新的高强度高损伤容限复合陶瓷的预应力设计及模型, 通过优化表面预应力设计, 在陶瓷构件表面能够形成一层高度压缩应力, 从而阻止裂纹扩展, 并抵消外加拉应力, 达到提高陶瓷的强度及损伤容限的目的。这种预应力设计理论和规程可应用到结构陶瓷、建筑陶瓷和日用陶瓷等不同领域, 具有明显的通用性和广泛性, 且简单、经济, 不受构件尺寸和形状的限制, 因此极具应用前景。

It is a worldwide challenge to simultaneously improve the strength and damage tolerance of ceramics, which is a core issue in the development of ceramics and a goal pursued by materials scientists. While the pre-stressed design has been widely used to improve the strength of concrete and glass for over a century, a little progress has been made for ceramic materials. In this paper, the research progresses of ceramic reinforcement are summarized, and a new pre-stressed design and model of high strength and high damage tolerance composite ceramics are proposed. The novel design focuses on the generation of residual compressive stresses on the surface of ceramic components to inhibit crack initiation and growth, and offset the external tensile stress, which can be applied to different fields such as structural ceramics, architectural ceramics, domestic ceramics and so on. This simple and economical technique with no limitation of size and shape in ceramic components has great application prospects.