受激布里渊散射、受激拉曼散射、自相位调制等非线性效应限制了高功率光纤激光器、放大器的输出功率和传输特性。通过改进光纤的几何结构、材料成分、制作工艺、工作环境等可以克服这些限制。在分析了光纤激光器、放大器中几种非线性效应的产生机理、功率阈值特点后，着重介绍了采用大模场光纤设计、变化光纤掺杂成分及分布、纳米粒子直接掺杂技术以及控制应力、温度场调制等新方法、新技术在非线性效应管理中的应用，最后指出合理的方案。

The scalability of output power and transmission characteristic of high power fiber lasers and amplifiers are limited by nonlinear effects such as stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation. These limitations can be overcome through improving the fiber in geometric structure or compositional distribution, doped technology, working conditions etc. This paper firstly discusses the mechanism of production and the properties of power threshold about nonlinear effects of fiber lasers and amplifiers. Then it emphasizes particularly on the new methods and technologies used in nonlinearity management. The new managing way like large-mode-area fiber designing as well as varying doped componments and distribution，direct nanoparticle deposition doping and controlling strain or temperature effects is introduced in detail. Finally, it presents reasonable schemes.