阐述了基于法布里珀罗干涉仪(FPI)反演中高层大气风速和温度的基本原理，研究了FPI系统传递函数及其对入射谱线的响应表达式。借鉴传统FPI反演中高层大气风速和温度的经典理论，提出一种矩阵简化算法。利用分解和近似的数学基础方法来得到系统响应表达式的矩阵形式，然后采用最小二乘法反演出大气风速和温度。仿真结果表明：当预估风速和温度偏离实际风速和温度，小于150 m/s和80 K时，反演风速和温度的误差范围在±3 m/s和±10 K内。矩阵简化算法不但保留了完整傅里叶级数描述法的精确性，而且避免了激光校准和波长变换，具有简单和快速的优点。

The principle of measuring thermospheric wind and temperature by Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is elaborated, the transfer function of FPI and the analytical response expression to the incident line is studied. Referring to the basic principle of traditional wind and temperature retrieval method with FPI, a new matrix reduction technique is proposed. This technique is based on the decompose and approximate mathematics to obtain the matrix form of analytical response expression, then a least-squares technique is employed to get the thermospheric wind and temperature. Simulation results show that when the guessed wind is less than 150 m/s and the guessed temperature is less than 80 K, the error range is ±3 m/s for wind and ±10 K for temperature. The matrix technique not only retains the accuracy of a full Fourier Series Representation method, but also avoids instrument calibration and wavelength translation, which makes it simple and fast.