卫星激光通信具有巨大的潜在应用价值,国际上已实现高码率、小型化、轻量化和低功耗激光通信终端,其中光学跟瞄系统的设计和控制是关键技术之一。由粗跟踪系统和精跟踪系统组成的复合轴系统能实现光跟瞄系统的大范围、高精度跟踪任务。对卫星激光通信光学跟瞄系统的特点和关键技术进行了讨论,介绍了光跟瞄技术中的扫描、捕获、指向、跟踪过程,综述了复合轴光跟瞄控制系统的国外研究进展。最后对卫星激光通信复合轴光跟瞄系统的应用前景进行了展望。

The satellite laser communications are of potential applications and have reached a level of high data rate,compact and light construction,and low-power consumption in the world. One of the most key technologies is the design and control of pointing,acquisition and tracking (PAT) system. The composite axis system,consisting of the coarse tracking system and the fine tracking system can accomplish the wide ranging and high accuracy tracking tasks. The properties and key technologies of PAT are discussed. And the scanning,acquisition,pointing and tracking processes are introduced. International progress of the compound-axis control system of PAT is reviewed. Finally,the application prospect of compound-axis control system is given.