血红蛋白发挥多种重要生理功能， 但对其结构及功能的认识尚不能满足疾病诊治的需求。 拉曼光谱在血红蛋白结构及功能研究中具有很大应用潜力， 不但可以检测血红蛋白中血红素及其周围分子结构变化， 还可以反映血红蛋白反应动力学具体过程。 同时， 血红蛋白拉曼光谱在疾病状态下异常血红蛋白检测， 血氧饱和度定量测定及血液代用品的高铁血红蛋白含量检测中突显优势。 本文综述了拉曼光谱在血红蛋白结构及功能领域中的研究， 简述了拉曼光谱在一些病变血红蛋白诊断中的研究进展， 分析了影响血红蛋白拉曼光谱检测的因素， 以促进拉曼光谱技术在血红蛋白结构和功能研究中的应用。

Hemoglobin plays many significant biological roles in organism. However, our knowledge about its structure and function is not enough to meet the demand of clinical diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be an attractive optical technique which can provide direct access to the structure and function of hemoglobin. It is a proven tool for elucidating structural information of hemes and other vicinal groups. Furthermore, it can provide a useful monitor for hemoglobin dynamics. Besides, Raman spectroscopy has notable advantages in the fields of abnormal hemoglobin diagnosis, hemoglobin oxygen saturation determination and blood methemoglobin analysis. The present paper reviews the research on hemoglobin structure and function using Raman spectroscopy and the application in hemoglobinopathy diagnosis. In addition, we discuss the factors affecting the measurement in Raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin. The aim of the review is to promote the application of Raman spectroscopy to the research of hemoglobin structure and function.