由于不同的照明条件、复杂的大气环境等因素，相同端元的光谱特征在图像的不同位置呈现出可见的差异，这种现象被称为端元的光谱变异性。在相当大的场景中，端元的变异性可能很大，但在适度的局部同质区内，变异性往往很小。扰动线性混合模型（Perturbed Linear Mixing Model，PLMM）在解混的过程中可以减轻端元变异性造成的不利影响，但是对缩放效应造成的变异性的处理能力较弱。为此，本文改进了扰动线性混合模型，引入了尺度因子以处理缩放效应造成的变异性，并结合超像素分割算法划分局部同质区，然后设计出基于局部同质区共享端元变异性的解混算法（Shared Endmember Variability in Unmixing，SEVU）。与扰动线性混合模型，扩展线性混合模型（Extended Linear Mixing Model，ELMM）等算法相比，所提SEVU算法在合成数据集上平均端元光谱角距离（mean Spectral Angle Distance， mSAD）和丰度均方根误差（abundance Root Mean Square Error， aRMSE）最优，分别为0.085 5和0.056 2；在Jasper Ridge和Cuprite真实数据集上mSAD是最优的，分别为0.060 3和0.100 3。在合成数据集和两个实测数据集上的实验结果验证了SEVU算法的有效性。

A 60-mW solid-state deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser at 193 nm with narrow linewidth is obtained with two stages of sum frequency generation in LBO crystals. The pump lasers, at 258 and 1553 nm, are derived from a homemade Yb-hybrid laser employing fourth-harmonic generation and Er-doped fiber laser, respectively. The Yb-hybrid laser, finally, is power scaling by a 2 mm × 2 mm × 30 mm Yb:YAG bulk crystal. Accompanied by the generated 220-mW DUV laser at 221 nm, the 193-nm laser delivers an average power of 60 mW with a pulse duration of 4.6 ns, a repetition rate of 6 kHz, and a linewidth of ∼640 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power of 193- and 221-nm laser generated by an LBO crystal ever reported as well as the narrowest linewidth of 193-nm laser by it. Remarkably, the conversion efficiency reaches 27% for 221 to 193 nm and 3% for 258 to 193 nm, which are the highest efficiency values reported to date. We demonstrate the huge potential of LBO crystals for producing hundreds of milliwatt or even watt level 193-nm laser, which also paves a brand-new way to generate other DUV laser wavelengths.

The optical rogue wave (RW), known as a short-lived extraordinarily high amplitude dynamics phenomenon with small appearing probabilities, plays an important role in revealing and understanding the fundamental physics of nonlinear wave propagations in optical systems. The random fiber laser (RFL), featured with cavity-free and “modeless” structure, has opened up new avenues for fundamental physics research and potential practical applications combining nonlinear optics and laser physics. Here, the extreme event of optical RW induced by noise-driven modulation instability that interacts with the cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering, the quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing as well as the random mode resonance process is observed in a Brillouin random fiber laser comb (BRFLC). Temporal and statistical characteristics of the RWs concerning their emergence and evolution are experimentally explored and analyzed. Specifically, temporally localized structures with high intensities including chair-like pulses with a sharp leading edge followed by a trailing plateau appear frequently in the BRFLC output, which can evolve to chair-like RW pulses with adjustable pulse duration and amplitude under controlled conditions. This investigation provides a deep insight into the extreme event of RWs and paves the way for RW manipulation for its generation and elimination in RFLs through adapted laser configuration.

为了测量复杂流动速度分布，基于分子标记示踪原理建立了飞秒激光电子激发标记（FLEET）测量装置。开展了超声速混合流动速度分布测量实验，获得了马赫数3.0射流分别与马赫数2.0，2.5及2.9射流形成的混合流动速度分布的测量结果；结合大涡模拟和纹影实验，显示了混合层的流场结构。利用延迟10 μs的荧光标记线与荧光基线的位移差，分析得出实验中FLEET速度测量的不确定度优于5 m/s；在高低速主流区，FLEET测量的速度结果与计算结果基本一致；在混合层，FLEET实现了较大梯度的速度分布测量，混合层的厚度与纹影实验结果符合较好。实验表明，建设的FLEET装置具有较强的工程实验能力，能够实现超声速混合层等复杂流动速度的分布测量。