LED替代白炽灯和日光灯用于照明已经成为明显的趋势。LED可以同时用于照明与通信的特点，使得可见光通信(VLC)成为了近年来研究的热点。随着计算机和智能设备的迅速普及，接入网的速率和覆盖面需要进一步提高，VLC技术有望成为突破瓶颈的高速数据传输技术。VLC技术发展的主要挑战在于白光LED有限的调制带宽，研究者们已经提出了多种技术，如均衡技术、蓝光过滤、高阶调制格式、离散多音调调制、波分复用技术和多输入多输出(MIMO)技术等，以扩展调制带宽、提高传输速率。对这些技术的原理和性能进行了分析与讨论，以期为未来的研究提供一些参考。

LED replacing fluorescent and incandescent lamps for lighting has become an obvious trend. The feature that LED can be used for both illumination and communications makes visible-light communication (VLC) become a hot point in recent years. With the rapid popularization of computers and smart devices, the bandwidth and coverage of access networks need further improvement. VLC technology is a promising communication technology for high speed data transmission to break through the bottlenecks. A main challenge of this technology is the limited modulation bandwidth of white LED. Researchers have proposed a variety of techniques, such as equalization technology, blue filtering, high-order modulation formats, discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, to extend bandwidth and increase transmission speed. The principles and performances of those techniques are analyzed and discussed to provide a reference for future researches.