Optical absorbers with dynamic tuning features are able to flexibly control the absorption performance, which offers a good platform for realizing optical switching, filtering, modulating, etc. Here, we propose a thermally tunable broadband absorber applying a patterned plasmonic metasurface with thermo-chromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) spacers. An actively tunable absorption bandwidth and peak resonant wavelength in the region from the near- to mid-infrared (NMIR) are simultaneously achieved with the insulating–metallic phase transition of VO2. Moreover, the scalable unit cell, which is composed of multi-width sub-cells, provides a new freedom to further manipulate (i.e., broaden or narrow) the absorption bandwidth while maintaining a high relative absorption bandwidth and efficient absorbance at the same time. For both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations, the proposed nanostructure exhibits a high absorption over a wide angular range up to 60°. This method holds a promising potential for versatile utilizations in optical integrated devices, NMIR photodetection, thermal emitters, smart temperature control systems, and so forth.