从理论和实验两方面讨论了方形孔径微透镜阵列的泰伯效应，利用传递函数法分析了该阵列的菲涅耳衍射区的光场复振幅分布，讨论了泰伯像成像的条件。实验中，在特定位置处可观察到三种交替出现的清晰成像，实验测得的成像距离与理论值吻合。选用不同参数的方形孔径微透镜阵列，泰伯子像成像规律总体不变，当中心距大于孔径边长且小于两倍孔径边长时泰伯子像像元间出现交叠现象。方形孔径微透镜阵列在分数泰伯平面可观察到清晰的呈棋盘状分布的泰伯子像，这将拓展微透镜阵列的实际应用。

The Talbot effect of the square-aperture microlens array is studied theoretically and experimentally. The complex wave amplitude distribution of this array in the Fresnel diffraction field is analyzed with the optical transfer function to resolve the imaging situation of Talbot image. In the experiment, three alternating images appear at certain distances, and the experimentally measured imaging distance is consistent with the theoretical prediction. In addition, the Talbot sub-image imaging law is invariant when the parameters of the square-aperture microlens array change. The Talbot sub-image image elements overlap, when the center distance is between one and two aperture diameters. The clear Talbot sub-images with checkerboard-shaped distributions of the square-aperture microlens array are observed in the fractional Talbot planes. It will broaden the practical application of the square-aperture microlens array.