为了比较色觉正常观察者的辨色差异受观察条件的影响程度，选择了不同照明光源和不同原色的显示设备，基于显示色和打印色，设计了4种不同观察条件的颜色匹配实验。利用Stiles&Burch的47个颜色匹配函数(CMFs)模拟个体观察者，对颜色匹配过程进行了模拟计算；同时，组织27~36名色觉正常观察者进行了颜色匹配实验。用观察者的离均色差，同色异谱大小和同色异谱变化三个指标来量化不同观察者的辨色差异性。结果表明，不同观察条件下，模拟计算结果中观察者的辨色差异受显示设备原色光谱和照明光源光谱影响较大，在匹配中性灰颜色时尤其明显。而颜色匹配实验结果中，外界因素的影响并不明显，这表明观察者的辨色差异不仅取决于观察者个体颜色匹配函数差异(观察者的同色异谱性)，还取决于观察者的视觉机理响应、颜色分辨能力等。

In order to compare the influences on the observers color discrimination with normal color vision under different viewing conditions, the lighting sources with different spectral power distributions and displays with different primary colors are selected, and the four color matching experiments are carried out based on the monitor and printed color samples. The 47 color matching functions (CMFs) of Stiles-Burch are used for a computational color matching simulation and 27 to 36 observers with normal color vision are organized to carry out the color matching experiment. The mean color difference from the mean, observer metamerism magnitude and variability are used to quantify different observers color discrimination. The results show that the spectral power distribution of the monitor primary colors and the light sources have much effect on the observers color perception for color matching simulation, especially in gray color center, but it is not suitable for the color matching experiment. It indicates that the observers color discrimination is not only determined by the observer color matching function difference (observer metamerism), but also the visual mechanism and ability of color discrimination etc.