结合光子晶体的缺陷模式和表面模式特性，提出了一种含吸收介质的光子晶体法布里-珀罗异质结构。该结构由周期性光子晶体、待测样本和外部空气层共同组成，将待测样本直接作为表面缺陷腔。基于光学谐振原理和表面波理论，分析了所提结构的折射率传感机理。讨论了不同吸收介质对所提结构光谱特性的影响。将石墨烯作为吸收介质时，传感结构的品质因子(Q值)明显高于将硫化锌、氧化铝和金属银作为吸收介质的情况；将样本层作为表面缺陷腔，通过光学Tamm态谐振，可实现多次全反射衰荡，使谐振光信号和待测样本充分作用，从而提高了该结构的传感灵敏度。所提结构的Q值为2097.18，灵敏度为1017.98 nm/RIU。研究结果对实现待测物的高Q值和高灵敏度检测具有一定的理论参考价值。

Combining with the defect mode and the surface mode property of photonic crystal, a photonic crystal Fabry-Pérot heterogeneous structure containing absorption medium is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a periodical photonic crystal, a test sample and an external air layer, and the test sample is directly used as the surface defect cavity. The refractive index sensing mechanism of the proposed structure is analyzed based on the optical resonance theory and the surface wave theory. The effects of different absorption media on spectrum properties of the proposed structure are discussed. We find that the Q value of the sensing structure using the graphene as the absorption medium is significantly higher than that of structures using ZnS, Al2O3 and silver as the absorption medium. When the sample layer is used as the surface defect cavity, multiple total reflection ring-down can be achieved owing to the optical Tamm state resonance, the full interaction is achieved between the resonant optical signal and the test sample, and the sensitivity of the proposed structure is improved. The Q value of the proposed structure is 2097.18 and the sensitivity is 1017.98 nm/RIU. The results can provide certain theoretical reference value for high Q value and high sensitivity detection.