为了提高曲面零件的熔覆加工效率和质量, 实现离线编程, 根据激光熔覆的工艺特性对曲面零件进行路径规划。基于逆向工程对零件建模, 根据模型提出一种基于切平面法的路径生成方法, 通过分析熔覆道搭接率来确定切平面间的距离, 利用有效加工离焦量得出轨迹上的插补点集, 通过计算插补点在三角形面片上的位置确定法矢, 并用偏置法计算出激光枪头的位置与姿态, 最后对曲面的熔覆层形貌和组织性能进行分析。相较于一般的路径规划算法, 该方法建立在满足激光熔覆工艺参数的前提下, 综合考虑了轨迹间距、光斑大小等多种因素, 提升了熔覆效率和质量, 利于实现激光熔覆在曲面零件再制造领域的推广。

In order to improve the cladding processing efficiency and quality of curved surface parts and achieve off-line programming, the cladding path planning of curved surface parts is carried out according to the process characteristics of laser cladding. The modeling of parts is done based on the reverse engineering. A path generation method based on the tangent plane method is proposed according to the model. The distance between the tangential planes is determined by analyzing the overlap rate of cladding tracks. The interpolation point set along the trajectories is obtained by using defocusing amount for effective processing, and the normal vector is determined by calculating the location of interpolation points on the triangular patch. The position and attitude of the laser nozzle are calculated with the offset method. The morphology and structural property of cladding layer on surfaces are analyzed. Compared with general path planning algorithms, the proposed method, based on the premise of satisfying laser cladding process parameters, comprehensively considers many kinds of factors such as the track row spacing and the spot size. The cladding efficiency and quality are improved, which is beneficial to the promotion of laser cladding in the remanufacturing field of curved surface parts.