针对三维空间交会对接中的异面非圆轨道转移规划问题, 提出了一种基于粒子群算法(PSO)的多脉冲异面交会对接能量最优的转移轨道优化算法。该算法以二体动力学方程及脉冲变轨理论构造空间多脉冲异面交会对接优化模型; 通过引入 Lambert 算法处理终端约束条件, 减少未知变量的个数从而简化问题。然后, 将追踪飞行器变轨过程中脉冲的作用时刻、方向、大小设计成待优化变量, 以交会对接过程中消耗能量、终端约束条件等为目标函数, 基于PSO优化了最省燃料转移轨道。在MATLAB中对四脉冲交会对接问题进行了仿真测试, 并与相同初始条件下, 采用Lambert算法的双脉冲交会对接仿真结果进行了对比。结果显示: 在本文所给算例条件下, 采用PSO优化的四脉冲交会对接过程所需速度增量为4.4243 km/s, 而采用Lambert算法的双脉冲对接过程所需速度增量为11.2691 km/s, 前者节省了60%的能量。数据表明, 设计方案有效节省了燃料消耗, 从而证明了设计方法的有效性。

For the transferring and planning problem on a noncoplanar non-circular orbit in rendezvous and docking of three-dimensional space, an optimization algorithm for transfer orbit of energy optimization of multiple-pulse noncoplanar rendezvous and docking was proposed based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The two-body correlation dynamic equation and pulse orbit theory were used to construct the optimization model for multiple-pulse noncoplanar rendezvous and docking in space. Then, Lambert algorithm was introduce to handle terminal constraint condition and to decrease the number of unknown variables, so as to simplify the problem. Furthermore, the function time, direction and size of a pulse were designed into variables to be optimized, the energy consumed and the terminal constraint condition during rendezvous and docking were set as the objective function and the transfer orbit that saves the flue was optimized by the PSO. Finally, a simulation test was carried out on the four-pulse rendezvous and docking problem in MATLAB and the simulation results were compared with that of double-pulse rendezvous and docking based on the Lambert algorithm under the same initial condition. The results show that speed increments needed in four-pulse rendezvous and docking with the PSO is 4.4243 km/s, while that in double-pulse rendezvous and docking with Lambert algorithm is 11.2691 km/s. By comparison, the former has saved the energy by 60%. In conclusion, the scheme designed effectively saves the fuel consumption, which verifies the effectiveness of the method designed.