视网膜血氧测量技术可以为医学诊断提供可靠的视网膜血氧新陈代谢信息，这些信息可以反映出全身微循环状态。基于光谱法的非侵入性的视网膜血氧饱和度测量是生命科学研究的新热点，国外已开展了大量的研究工作，国内的相关研究还处于起步阶段。为更好地促进视网膜血氧测量在生命科学领域中的研究和应用，对现有的研究成果进行了梳理和回顾。首先介绍了视网膜血氧测量的基本原理，概述了当前已有的视网膜血氧测量技术并讨论了各自的优缺点；然后对现有研究成果和应用情况进行总结，并对视网膜血氧测量存在的若干问题进行讨论；最后对其在生命科学中的研究和发展进行了预测和展望。

Retinal blood oxygen measurement technology can provide reliable retinal blood oxygen metabolism information for medical diagnosis, which can stand for systemic microcirculation status. The noninvasive measurement of retinal oxygen saturation (SO2) is based on spectroscopy, which is a hot point for researchers in the field of life science. While researchers overseas have done a lot of work, researchers in China are still at the threshold of this field. Existed theses are reviewed to promote research and application in this regard. We firstly introduce the basic principle of retinal oximetry, and then summarize the various techniques that have been applied to the retinal oximetry. Advantages and limitations of each are discussed. The research achievement and application situation in retinal diseases using retinal oximetry are also summarized, and major problems of retinal oximetry encountered are discussed. Lastly, future perspectives of the retinal oximetry used in life science are discussed.