光学与光电技术, 2017, 15 (3): 1, 网络出版: 2017-07-10
行星着陆探测有机组分的仪器研究
Deep Space Exploration: Instrumentation of On-Site Detection of Organics on Planets
深空探测 行星探测 有机组分 仪器研究 deep-space exploration planetary exploration organic components instrumentation research
摘要
能够在行星上着陆原位探测分析样品中有机组分的分析仪器在设计和建造上必须满足诸多苛刻的要求,才能保证宇航发射、飞行、着陆和探测过程所需的可靠性。这些要求包括:微重力环境;真空环境;大幅度温度变化;强宇宙射线辐射;长时间的宇宙航程;功率限制;体积限制;重量限制;发射和着陆时耐受振动和冲击要求;可靠性要求;数据压缩和传输。详细地讲解了每项要求对分析仪器的设计所带来的难题。介绍研制的空间站舱内在线气相色谱仪,用于分析舱内的痕量挥发性有机组分,以及明场荧光检测仪器的原理和设计要点。
Abstract
The paper introduces the basic requirements on design and construction of analytical instrument for on-site measurement of organics in samples on planets. These requirements are essential for reliable operation of instruments during launching, traveling, landing and on-site measurement. These requirements are: micro-gravity condition; vacuumenvironment; severe temperature fluctuation; strong cosmic radiation; prolonged space traveling; power consumption restriction; restriction on volume; restriction on mass; mechanical 3D vibration and shock during launching and landing; reliability requirement; data suppression and transference. Difficulties on design of the instrument raised by each of these requirements will be explained in detail, and remaining problems will be discussed. A practical example will be given where an on-line gas chromatograph for measurement of trace amount of volatile organics in air within the Chinese space station will be presented. The principle and the design offluorescence detection at bright field will also be introduced.
关亚风. 行星着陆探测有机组分的仪器研究[J]. 光学与光电技术, 2017, 15(3): 1. GUAN Ya-feng. Deep Space Exploration: Instrumentation of On-Site Detection of Organics on Planets[J]. OPTICS & OPTOELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, 2017, 15(3): 1.