降水是气象观测的常规项目,是研究全球水热循环和气候变化的重要参数。实现降水现象自动观测是我国气象探测领域未来发展规划的一项重要内容。 介绍了一种基于光阻原理的降水现象测量系统,设计了激光对射式光学测量结构,实现对降水粒子遮光信号的精确捕获;研制了基于相关原理的微弱信号 检测系统,保证粒子速度、粒径等信息的准确测量;在数据信号处理上,采用数据平滑算法降低了系统噪声。研制的系统能够准确完成雨 滴谱分布、降水量、降水类型的测量,并且与国外同类仪器进行了观测比对,数据具有较好的一致性,能满足对降水现象自动观测的要求。

Precipitation is a regular project of meteorological observation, which is an important parameter for studying global hydrothermal cycle and climate change. Automatic observation of precipitation is an important part of the future development of meteorology in China. So a new-developed precipitation measurement system based on light blocking principle is introduced. Opposite-type laser optical system is designed and the shading signal of the precipitation particles can be captured correctly. The weak signal detection system based on correlation principle is developed to measure the information of particle velocity and size. The data smoothing algorithm is adopted to reduce the system noise in data signal processing. The system can accurately measure the distribution of raindrop distribution, precipitation amount, precipitation type. Compared with data of other similar instruments, the data of the system has good consistency and can meet the requirement of automatic observation of precipitation.