光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37 (8): 2519, 网络出版: 2017-08-30   

基于可见光谱的古代壁画颜料无损鉴别方法

Non-Destructive Pigment Identification Method of Ancient Murals Based on Visible Spectrum
作者单位
1 武汉大学印刷与包装系, 湖北 武汉 43079
2 武汉大学印刷与包装系, 湖北 武汉 430079
摘要
矿物颜料是古代壁画显色的物质基础, 其可见光谱反映自身物质和物理属性。 不同颜料对可见光吸收特性的差异导致光谱曲线形状不同, 同一种颜料因粒径等级差异引起光谱曲线幅值的规律性变化。 依据矿物颜料上述特性, 提出一种基于可见光谱的古代壁画颜料无损鉴别方法, 通过光谱归一化方法实现不同粒径等级的同一颜料光谱曲线叠合, 去除颜料粒径等级对光谱曲线幅值变化的影响, 然后提取表征光谱曲线在各波段增减性和凹凸性的一阶与二阶导数特征, 与光谱曲线组合得到颜料物质属性鉴别的光谱组合特征空间, 以光谱角和欧式距离为基础构建评价指标, 计算待鉴别颜料与数据库参考样本在光谱特征空间中的匹配误差(ME), 实现颜料物质属性的鉴别。 通过构建矿物颜料平均粒径大小和光谱反射率均值之间关系函数, 实现颜料平均粒径大小的鉴别。 基于构建的古代壁画常用颜料光谱数据库, 以莫高窟壁画为对象, 通过非接触式原位无损测量方法测量获得壁画颜料的可见光谱数据, 对本文方法进行了验证, 并以石绿和青金石颜料的鉴别结果为例, 对古代壁画颜料使用技法、 不同朝代颜料使用的差异性及原因进行了探讨。 该方法将为更加全面深入研究和保护古代壁画提供有效的理论与方法支撑。
Abstract
Mineral pigments is the color rendering basic of ancient murals, the visible spectrum of mineral pigment reflects its chemical composition and physical properties. Different mineral pigments have different spectral shapes because of different absorb properties for visible spectrum, even the same mineral pigment often shows different spectral amplitudes as it is grinded to different levels of particle size. According to the spectral features of mineral pigments above, a non-destructive pigment identification method of ancient murals based on visible spectrum is proposed. The normalized spectral curve, first derivative and second derivative extracted from spectral reflectance are combined to construct the identification feature space and the matching error (ME) calculated by multiply the normalized euclidean distance and angle between spectral feature from wall paintings and reference database is adopted as the criterion for pigment chemical property identification. The function relationship between mean spectral reflectance and mean particle size of the mineral pigments with particle size levels is constructed for pigment particle size identification. The proposed method is validated by the ancient murals in Mogao Grottoes based on the constructed pigment reference database and in-situ non-destructive spectral measurement method. The techniques of using pigments in murals and the differences of pigment used in different dynasties are tentatively analyzed and explained based on the identification results of malachite and lapis lazuli. The authors believe that the proposed method will provide effective support for in-depth studies on ancient murals.

梁金星, 万晓霞. 基于可见光谱的古代壁画颜料无损鉴别方法[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(8): 2519. LIANG Jin-xing, WAN Xiao-xia. Non-Destructive Pigment Identification Method of Ancient Murals Based on Visible Spectrum[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(8): 2519.

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