高能激光功率高、能量大, 造成激光能量计容易损坏和测量不确定度增加。围绕上述问题对国内外现有的几种高能激光能量直接测量方法进行了比较和归纳, 对各种技术的优点和缺点作了深入的分析, 在此基础上阐述了高能激光能量直接测量技术的发展趋势。研究表明, 提高热交换效率是提升高能激光能量计测量能力最高效的措施, 尤其是在采用体吸收模式和强制热交换模式的情况下这种效果更加明显; 消除吸收体上温度梯度对吸收体材料比热和温度传感器响应时间的影响是提高被动吸收型高能激光能量计测量准确度的关键, 在水流冷却型高能激光能量计和水流直接吸收型高能激光能量计中消除水流相变的影响和控制水流温度场不均匀造成的影响则是保证温度准确测量的关键。目前各种高热交换效率和新体制的测量方法得到快速发展和应用, 系统的测量能力和测量准确度大幅提高, 为了适应未来长时间测量需求, 能量累积型高能激光能量计逐渐被功率平衡型高能激光能量计所替代。

The power and energy are very high, as a result, laser energy meters are easily damaged and measurement uncertainties are increased. The domestic and overseas methods to directly measure high energy laser(HEL) energy were compared and summed up, and the benefit and the drawback of the technologies were thoroughly analyzed, finally, the development trends of the technologies to directly measure HEL energy were expatiated. The research shows that it′s the most effective measures to improve the measurement capacities to increase heat exchange efficiency, and especially when the body-absorbing model and the compelling heat exchange model were adopted, these effects are better; it′s the key to improve the measurement accuracy of passive-absorbing-type HEL energy meter to eliminate the effects of temperature gradent in the absorber on specific heat of material and response time of temperature sensors; while it's the key to improve the measurement accuracy of water-absorbing-type HEL energy meter to eliminate the effects of phase change of water, and uneven of water temperature.Nowadays all kinds of higher heat exchange efficiency and new mechanism methods are quickly developing and applied, as a result, the measurement capacities and measurement accuracy are improved,and the energy-accumulating-type energy meters are replaced by power-equilibrium-type energy meter to adapt to longer duration of lasers in the future.