研究了黄海海域的天空光偏振分布模式,分析了海洋上空日光和月光的偏振特性分布规律以及云层对其产生的影响。基于瑞利散射理论对日光和月光的偏振分布模式进行仿真,利用图像式全天空偏振模式测试系统对黄海海域的天空偏振模式进行测试,分别将日光和月光的偏振测试结果与对应的理论仿真结果进行对比,并重点分析子午线方向和中性点的异同。结果表明:测试得到的日光和月光的子午线方向与对应的理论模式基本一致;测试得到日光的偏振模式中性点与理论仿真结果基本相同,但是测试得到月光的偏振模式中性点与理论仿真结果明显不同,在民用暮光阶段,天空光的偏振模式会受到月光和日光的双重影响。此外,云层会影响偏振方位角和偏振度的观测,致使测试仪器目前无法识别部分区域的偏振分布结果。

The skylight polarization distribution pattern in Yellow Sea is studied. The distribution properties of polarization pattern of the sunlight and the moonlight above the sea are analyzed, and the effects of clouds are also investigated. The polarization distribution patterns of the sunlight and the moonlight are simulated based on the Rayleigh scattering theory, and then the polarization patterns of the sunlight and the moonlight in Yellow Sea are measured with an image full-sky polarization pattern measurement system. The polarization measured results of the sunlight and the moonlight are compared with the simulated results. The differences and similarities of neutral points and the direction of the meridian in the polarization pattern are analyzed emphatically. The results reveal that the measured directions of the meridian of sunlight and moonlight are mostly in accord with the theoretical results. The measured neutral points of sunlight have the same rules as the theoretical patterns, but the measured neutral points of moonlight are apparently different from the theoretical results. In the civil evening twilight, the skylight polarization pattern is affected by both the moonlight and the sunlight. Owing to the influence of the cloud on the polarization direction angle and the polarization degree, the measurement instrument cannot identify the part of the polarization pattern at present.