以回收实际丙烯酸丁酯废水有机酸的双极膜电渗析膜堆中的阴离子交换膜为研究对象, 对膜使用前后的性能进行了表征, 并综合通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、 扫描电镜-能谱（SEM-EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对膜表面组分变化进行了表征。 膜性能分析结果表明, 使用后的阴离子交换膜受到污染, 膜电阻增大, 迁移数减小。 能谱分析结果表明, 使用后阴离子交换膜表面污染物C和O元素含量（以原子百分比计）显著升高, 分别从78.10%, 8.34%升高到81.76%, 12.05%, 表明膜污染物为含碳含氧物质。 XPS谱图C1s峰的分析表明, —COO-Na+化学态的百分含量从污染前的8.5%升高到污染后的13.7%, 表明膜污染物中含有—COO-Na+。 ATR-FTIR分析结果表明, 阴离子交换膜使用后, 在1 561 cm-1处的吸收增强, 而此波长正是—COO-M+（M为金属）的反对称伸缩振动峰, 进一步验证了XPS分析结果。 由于丙烯酸丁酯废水中含有聚丙烯酸钠, 因此采用聚丙烯酸钠溶液污染阴离子交换膜, 并对污染后离子交换膜进行膜性能、 XPS和ATR-FTIR的分析。 结果表明, 聚丙烯酸钠导致阴离子交换膜膜电阻增大, 迁移数减小, XPS谱图—COO-Na+化学态的百分含量增加, ATR-FTIR谱图1 561 cm-1处吸收增强。 综合上述结果, 聚丙烯酸钠是废水中造成阴离子交换膜污染的重要物质。 光谱分析方法是离子交换膜污染层表征和污染物鉴别的有效手段。

Anion-exchange membranes of bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED) which recovered organic acid from butyl-acrylate wastewater were studied. Performances of the membranes were analyzed before and after polluted by butyl-acrylate wastewater. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum (SED-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to characterize the composition changes of the membrane surfaces. Membrane performance results indicated that the used membranes were polluted with higher area resistance and lower transfer number than new membrane. EDS results indicated that membrane pollutants contained oxygen and carbon atoms, since the composition of carbon and oxygen atoms increased from 78.10% and 8.34% to 81.76% and 12.05%, respectively after the membrane was used. Results of C(1s) analysis of XPS spectra indicated that membrane pollutants contained —COO-Na+, because the composition of —COO-Na+ increased from 8.5% to 13.7% after the membrane was used. ATR-FTIR results indicated that the absorption at 1 561 cm-1, which was asymmetrical stretch vibration of —COO-M+ (M: metal), was enhanced after the membrane was used. The results verified XPS results. As sodium polyacrylate was one of the pollutants in butyl-acrylate wastewater, it was used to pollute anion-exchange membrane. And then, the polluted membrane was analyzed for performance, XPS spectral and ATR-FTIR spectral. The results indicated that polyacrylate resulted in membrane resistance increase, transfer number decrease, —COO-Na+ composition increase, and absorption enhancement at 1 561 cm-1. Therefore, sodium polyacrylate is an important pollutant which can result in pollution of anion-exchange membrane. Spectral methods are useful tools for characterization and identification of fouling pollutants on ion exchange membrane.