光伏组件发电特性对优化光伏发电系统的发电效率具有重要意义。常见的光伏组件发电特性由理论仿真得到，其与实际应用有一定差距。采用光照传感器、温度传感器采集环境参数，采用电流计、电压计检测光生电流、反向截止电流、开路电压等参数，建立了光伏组件发电特性计算模型，实现了光伏组件的发电特性精确测试，得到不同环境参数下输出电压-输出电流、输出功率-输出电压的发电特性曲线。仿真和工程测试证明，基于上述特性曲线的光伏发电系统在进行最大功率控制时能够取得较好的效果，与理论值的误差小于1%。

The power generation characteristics of photovoltaic modules are of great significance to optimize the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. The generation characteristics of photovoltaic module are commonly obtained from theoretical simulation, which are different from the characteristics obtained from practical application. The calculation model of photovoltaic module power generation characteristics is established by using lighting sensors and temperature sensors to collect environmental parameters, galvanometer and voltmeter to detect parameters such as photo-generated current, reverse cutoff current, open circuit voltage and so on. Accurate testing of power generation characteristics of photovoltaic modules is achieved. The power generation characteristic curves of output voltage-output current and output power-output voltage under different environmental parameters are got. The simulation and engineering tests show that the photovoltaic power generation system based on the above characteristic curve can achieve better performance when controlling the maximum power, and the error between theoretical value and practical value is less than 1%.