为了研究工艺参量对激光选区熔化纯铜粉末成形件尺寸精度的影响, 采用正交实验对纯铜粉末进行了激光选区熔化成形研究。分析了铺粉厚度为0.05mm时, 工艺参量对成形件尺寸绝对误差的影响规律及各因素对尺寸精度的影响机理, 确定了各工艺参量对尺寸绝对误差影响的主次顺序为扫描间距＞扫描速率＞激光功率＞扫描路径, 得到最优的工艺参量组合为激光功率360W, 扫描速率1050mm/s, 扫描间距0.08mm, 扫描方式是spiral。结果表明, 成形件尺寸绝对误差随激光功率的增大而增大, 随扫描速率、扫描间距的增大而减小; 不同扫描路径对尺寸绝对误差的影响差别较小; 在因素水平范围内, 尺寸绝对误差随体能量密度的增加而增大。该研究为激光烧结纯铜粉末时的参量选择提供了一定依据。

Effect of process parameters on size precision of melting copper powder forming parts by means of selective laser melting forming was studied based on orthogonal experiments. The influence of technological parameters on absolute error of forming dimension and the effect of various factors on dimensional accuracy were analyzed when the thickness of feeding powder was 0.05mm. The order of the influence of each process parameter on the absolute error of size is the scanning interval, scanning speed, laser power and scanning path. The optimum parameter combination is laser power of 360W, scanning speed of 1050mm/s, scanning interval of 0.08mm and scanning mode of spiral. The results show that, the absolute error of dimension increases with the increase of laser power and decreases with the increase of scanning speed and scanning interval. The influence of different scanning paths on the absolute error of size is small. The absolute error of size increases with the increase of bulk energy density within the range of factor. The research provides the basis for the selection of parameters in laser sintering of pure copper powder.