激光偏振合束是提升窄线宽光纤激光亮度的重要技术, 能实现多路激光的共孔径合束输出, 同时维持较高的光束质量和线偏振态。文中探索和研究了基于线性锁相技术的合束激光偏振控制系统, 详细分析和建立了光零差偏振检测物理模型和线性锁相控制环路的数学模型。利用高精度的光零差技术对合束激光的偏振相位进行检测, 并通过快速实时反馈进行激光锁相, 获得了输出功率为279 mW的线偏振态激光。锁相控制后, 合束激光的偏振消光比达到19.3 dB, 控制带宽高达39.6 kHz, 剩余相位噪声为7×10-4 rad/S(1 Hz)和3×10-4 rad/S。当提高激光输出总功率达1 W时, 偏振消光比维持在~15 dB, 其限制因素在于光功率波动引入的相位噪声和光斑空间模式不匹配。

As a critical technique for increasing the brightness of narrow-linewidth fiber lasers, coherent polarization beam combining can achieve common aperture joining of multiple lasers, while maintaining higher beam quality and linear polarization state. A polarization control system of combined lasers was investigated based on the linear phase locking technique. A physical model for optical homodyne polarization detection and a mathematical equation for linear phase-locking loop were established and analyzed in detail. The polarization phase of combined lasers was checked by employing high-precision optical homodyne method and then fed back to phase lock lasers in real time. A linear polarization laser was output with the power of 279 mW. After phase locking, the polarization extinction ratio of combined lasers attained 19.3 dB and the control bandwidth was 39.6 kHz. The residual phase noise is 7×10-4 rad/S(1 Hz) and 3×10-4 rad/S. When the power was increased to 1 W, the polarization extinction ratio was -15 dB, which was restricted by power-induced phase noise and spatial mismatch of beam spots.