根据大气偏振模式形成机理, 提出了利用多偏振敏感器测量太阳矢量(矢量方向)的方法.介绍了大气偏振模式的形成, 设计了由两组偏振单元组成的偏振敏感器, 论证了偏振单元之间的最佳设计角度, 分析了利用偏振敏感器从大气偏振模式中提取太阳方位信息的方法, 进而提出了利用多偏振敏感器测量并结合最小二乘法解算太阳矢量的方法, 针对该算法进行了实验验证, 并与双偏振敏感器测量太阳矢量方向的方法进行了对比分析.分析结果表明, 利用多偏振敏感器测量不仅可以得到高精度的太阳矢量方向, 太阳矢量的方位角误差和高度角误差分别为0.2°和1.0°, 还解决了双偏振敏感器测量太阳矢量方向时由于最大偏振方向平行引发的突变问题.实验结果验证了利用多偏振敏感器(≥3)测量太阳矢量的方法是可行的.

It is put forward that the solar vector (direction of the sun) can be measured through multiple polarization sensors, according to the formation principle of the atmospheric polariztion pattern. First, the formation of the atmospheric polarization pattern is introduced. Then, the polarization sensor consisting of two groups of polarization units is designed, and the optimal angle between polarization units is demonstrated, and the method of extracting the solar azimuthal information from the atmospheric polarization pattern is analyzed. Finally, with the least squares algorithm united, the method of measuring the solar vector with multiple polarization sensors is put forward, and the experiment is conducted consequently. The results indicate that it can get precise solar vector using the method proposed, and the errors of the solar azimuth angle and elevation angle are 0.2° and 1.0° respectively. In addition, it has solved the mutation problem which is caused by the parallelism of the maximum polarization directions measured by double polarization sensors. Therefore, the algorithm is feasible to measure solar vector with multiple polarization sensors.