双光子荧光寿命成像技术在对生物组织进行高分辨三维成像的同时能获得生物组织的生化特性信息，实现结构和功能的精细定量表征，为生物组织的非侵入、无标记、活体成像提供了一种强有力的工具。该技术在肿瘤检测方面具有广阔的临床应用前景，已成为当前生物医学领域研究的热点之一。首先简要介绍了双光子荧光寿命的概念和常用检测方法；其次，结合课题组开展的胃癌和神经胶质瘤诊断等相关研究成果，详细介绍了双光子荧光寿命成像技术在消化道肿瘤、脑肿瘤及皮肤癌等肿瘤检测方面的最新研究进展；最后展望了该技术在未来临床应用中的潜在优势和可能面临的挑战。

Two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging is an ingenious technique which can provide both morphological and biochemical information of tissues in three-dimensional space with subcellular resolution. The structural and functional properties of tissue can be quantitatively characterized in detail. Therefore, this technique provides a powerful tool for the noninvasive, label-free, intravital imaging of biological tissues, and which is promising to be applied in clinical diagnosis of tumors. In recent years, this technology has been used to detect tumors, and which has already become one of the research foci in the field of biomedicine. In this review paper, firstly, the concept of the two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime and common fluorescence lifetime detection methods are introduced simply; secondly, we summarize the recent progresses of using two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging to detect various tumors, including digestive tract tumors, brain tumors, skin tumors, and so on, and among them, our results on the detection of gastric cancers and glioma are elaborately depicted; Finally, the potential advantages and possible challenges of this technology in future clinical application are provided and discussed.