为了解决电磁轨道发射器在实际应用中遇到的高热量积累问题, 需要对轨道进行冷却。基于多物理场耦合仿真平台Comsol Multiphysics, 从轨道结构特性和电气特性两个方面进行分析, 提出了在轨道内部设置冷却管道的基本规律。建立发射器的电磁场和结构场耦合模型, 利用有限元法对预紧力和电动力作用下的轨道响应进行数值计算。仿真结果表明, 设置冷却管道会对轨道造成材料损失, 进而影响轨道性能, 冷却管道应当尽可能远离肩部与枢-轨接触面连接处, 并提出了冷却管道位于轨道不同位置时, 轨道的形变规律和电感梯度变化规律, 为轨道热管理冷却管道的设置方案提供了理论依据。

In order to solve the high quantity of heat accumulation problems of the electromagnetic rail launcher, the rail cooling is necessary. This paper presents the basic principles for setting cooling pipes inside the rail from two aspects of mechanical performance and electrical performance analysis.An electromagnetic field and structure field model is established, the finite element method is used for numerical calculation of rail’s response to the pre-tightening force and the eletromagnetic force. Simulation results show that, the cooling pipe will cause material damage, which has negative influence on rail performance; the cooling pipe should be set as far as possible away from the shoulder and armature-rail interface connection. This paper also puts forward the laws of rail deformation and inductance gradient with cooling pipe in different locations.