光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38 (3): 789, 网络出版: 2018-04-09   

红外和拉曼光谱的煤灰矿物组成研究

Characterization of Mineral Matter in Coal Ashes with Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
作者单位
长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院, 清洁能源与智能电网湖南省2011协同创新中心, 湖南 长沙 410114
摘要
研究煤灰中矿物质的性质通常从矿物组成的表征入手。 为了分析两种高硅铝煤灰的矿物成分, 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 拉曼光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对煤灰样进行了测试和综合表征, 将FTIR和拉曼光谱的分析结果与XRD进行了比较。 FTIR结果表明, 在1 100~1 000 cm-1范围内高硅铝煤灰出现最强的特征峰, 例如石英峰(1 089 cm-1)和偏高岭石峰(1 042 cm-1), 它们都归属于Si—O伸缩振动。 对原始红外谱图进行二阶导数处理后, 可获得重叠峰的峰位, 有助于更完整的解析矿物吸收峰, 从而获得更丰富的矿物组成信息。 煤灰中硬石膏的红外和拉曼光谱发现, 在1 157, 1 126和674 cm-1的拉曼光谱峰与在1 151, 1 120和678 cm-1的红外光谱峰振动模式分别相同且峰位接近, 还存在一些完全不同的拉曼光谱与红外光谱峰, 表明这两种光谱存在互补性。 尽管煤灰中锐钛矿含量很低, 但由于Ti—O的极化率很高, 因此拉曼光谱显示锐钛矿的144 cm-1峰远远强于石英的461 cm-1峰。 XRD结果表明, 煤灰中主要存在石英、 云母、 赤铁矿、 硬石膏和未知的无定形相矿物, FTIR和拉曼光谱综合分析的结果表明除了这些矿物, 还存在偏高岭石、 无定形氧化硅、 长石、 方解石和锐钛矿等。 在定性分析方面, 将FTIR和拉曼光谱结合起来比XRD单独获得的矿物组成信息更为详细。
Abstract
The analysis of mineral matter in coal ash is based on the analysis and characterization of mineral composition. Mineral matter in two high-silicon and high-aluminum coal ashes were well characterized and identified with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results from combined use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were then compared with those of XRD. Results of FTIR show the presence of the strongest band in the range of 1 100~1 000 cm-1, such as the bands for quartz (1 089 cm-1) and metakaolinite (1 042 cm-1), which are both assigned to Si—O stretching vibration. In contrast to original infrared spectra, the second derivative infrared spectra show the positions of overlapping adsorption bands, which are masked in the original infrared spectra. The analysis of the overlapping adsorption bands are useful for the determination of mineral composition and thus provides more detailed information on mineral matter. For the anhydrite in coal ashes, the three Raman bands (1 157, 1 126, and 674 cm-1) are obviously similar to the three corresponding FTIR bands (1 151, 1 120, and 678 cm-1), for they show the identical vibration mode and close peak position. Moreover, the anhydrite in coal ashes shows other different bands in its FTIR and Raman spectra. Therefore, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques are complementary for the identification of mineral phases in coal ashes. Although the anatase content of both coal ashes is very low, the Raman band of anatase (144 cm-1) is far more intense than the band of quartz (461 cm-1) because of the significantly high polarizability of Ti—O. The results of XRD show that the mineral components in both ashes are primarily quartz, muscovite, hematite, anhydrite, and unknown amorphous mineral phase. In addition to these minerals, combined use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy indicates the presence of metakaolinite, amorphous silica, feldspar, calcite, anatase, etc. The combination of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy can therefore provide more detailed mineral composition than XRD for qualitative analysis of mineral matter in coal ashes.

尹艳山, 尹杰, 张巍, 田红, 胡章茂, 冯磊华, 陈冬林. 红外和拉曼光谱的煤灰矿物组成研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38(3): 789. YIN Yan-shan, YIN Jie, ZHANG Wei, TIAN Hong, HU Zhang-mao, FENG Lei-hua, CHEN Dong-lin. Characterization of Mineral Matter in Coal Ashes with Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(3): 789.

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