目的: 随着对微观世界探索的不断深入, 人们对显微成像系统的性能, 如成像效率、成像质量以及三维成像等均提出了越来越高的要求。方法: 近年来, 在显微成像领域涌现出一批代表性的技术如定量相位成像技术、太赫兹成像技术以及结构光超分辨成像技术等, 此类技术凭借无损伤、无侵入、无电离辐射、可实时、可定量等优势, 在医学诊断、无损检测和安全检查等方面有着广泛应用。结论: 本文根据光源的不同对显微成像技术进行了分类, 首先对高相干激光、低相干光、太赫兹波以及结构光作为光源的四类无标记成像技术进行了简要介绍, 并阐明了成像的基本原理, 然后对这几类技术进行了特征分析。最后探讨了显微成像技术的发展趋势。

Objective: With the deepening of the exploration of the microscopic world, there have been great demands for the improvement of microscopic imaging performances such as the imaging efficiency, imaging quality, imaging dimension etc. Methods: In recent years, a number of representative technologies have emerged in the field of microscopic imaging, such as quantitative phase imaging (QPI), terahertz imaging, and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). This kind of technology has many advantages, such as no damage, non-invasive, non-ionizing radiation, real-time in imaging space and quantitative detection, therefore they have been applied widely in the field of medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing and safety inspection etc. Conclusion: This paper classifies the unmarked microscopic imaging technology based on the difference of the light source. The four types of unmarked microscopic imaging with high coherence laser, low coherence light, terahertz wave and structured light as light source are introduced at first, the basic principles of imaging technology are also illustrated. In addition, several types of techniques are compared and analyzed through the review of progress. Finally, the development trend of microscopic imaging is discussed.