内窥光学层析成像术(OCT)是OCT领域的一个重要分支。由于其微米级高分辨率光学断层和非接触式成像能力，内窥OCT已成为内窥医学和OCT技术领域研究的热点。主要阐述了内窥OCT的基本原理和组成，总结了内窥OCT探头的分类；研究了近年来各种内窥OCT探头的设计、尺寸、分辨率和成像速度等关键参数以及不同探头的优劣势和应用场合；简述了医学领域中特异性和灵敏度的概念，重点总结了不同类型的内窥OCT在心血管系统、食道、胃和小肠以及胰腺管等方面的临床应用和以特异性和灵敏度为基础的实验结果的评判，并对未来内窥OCT的发展作简要讨论。

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important branch of OCT. Endoscopic OCT has become a hot research topic in both endoscopic medicine and OCT fields because of its high-resolution cross sectional imaging capability reaching micron level in a non-contact way. First, the principle, configuration, classification, design, size, resolution, imaging speed, merits and demerits and applied occasions of endoscopic OCT are reviewed. Second, the concepts of specificity and sensitivity in medical field are briefly introduced. Third, the clinical applications and experimental judgement of endoscopic OCT are discussed for the clinical diagnosis in the cardiovascular system, esophagus, stomach and small intestine, and pancreatic tract. Finally, the future development of endoscopic OCT is briefly discussed.