为了探究激光熔覆Ni204过程中送粉速度、扫描速度和激光功率对熔覆层宏观质量的影响规律, 获得最佳工艺参数组合, 采用正交试验方法进行激光熔覆的单道成形试验研究。以稀释率、熔覆层宽度和高度比、以及熔覆层高度和激光光斑半径比为评价指标, 通过直观分析和方差分析方法对试验数据进行处理、分析和讨论。试验结果表明: 在一定工艺参数范围内, 激光功率是稀释率的最主要影响因素, 随着激光功率增大稀释率逐渐增大; 扫描速度是熔覆层宽高比以及高度和激光光斑半径比的最主要影响因素, 随着扫描速度的增大, 宽高比逐渐增大, 高度和激光光斑半径比逐渐减小。并获得了最佳工艺参数组合为送粉速度11.55 g/min, 扫描速度7.0 mm/s, 激光功率450 W, 从而为激光熔覆Ni204合金的工艺参数选择提供理论和数据支持。

Experimental investigation on single pass laser cladding layers based on orthogonal test method has been performed to find out the influence of powder feeding speed, scanning speed and laser power on the macroscopic quality of cladding layer during laser cladding Ni204, and acquire the optimal combination of process parameters. The dilution rate, the width and height ratio of the cladding layer, and the ratio of the cladding layer height to the laser spot radius are used as the evaluation indexes. The experimental data are processed, analyzed and discussed through visual analysis and analysis of variance, The experimental results show that the laser power is the most important factor affecting the dilution rate within a certain range of process parameters, the dilution rate increases with the increase of laser power. Scanning speed is the most important factor affecting the aspect ratio of cladding layer and the ratio of height to laser spot radius, as the scanning speed increases, the aspect ratio increases gradually, and the ratio of height to laser spot radius decreases gradually. The optimal process parameters are obtained as the powder feeding speed of 11.55 g/min, the scanning speed of 7.0 mm/s, and the laser power of 450 W, which provide theoretical and data support for the process parameters selection of laser cladding Ni240 alloy.