本文对过去50年中光全息数据存储技术的发展进行了综述。随着关键器件和材料的不断发展，光全息数据存储技术也日臻成熟。当下正值大数据时代，对数据存储密度和数据存取速度的需求比以往任何时候都要大，光全息数据存储以其超大存储容量、超快读取速度、超长保存寿命等优势，成为下一代数据存储技术的有力候选者。其中同轴全息存储系统以其结构紧凑、操作简单、兼容性强等特点将成为全息存储技术进一步实用化的基石。同时新型的相位调制光全息数据存储系统正成为研究热点，新一轮的飞速发展时机已至。

The development of optical holographic data storage technology in the past 50 years is reviewed in this paper. With the continuous development of key devices and materials, optical holographic data storage technology is becoming more and more mature. At present, in the era of Big Data, the demands for data storage density and data transfer rate are greater than ever before. Optical holographic data storage has become a potential candidate for the next generation of data storage technology because of its advantages of superhigh storage capacity, superfast data transfer rate, and superlong storage life. The coaxial holographic storage system will become the cornerstone of further practicality of holographic storage technology because of its compact structure, simple operation and strong compatibility. Meanwhile, new phase modulated holographic data storage system is becoming the research hotspot. The new round of rapid development has arrived.