光谱学与光谱分析, 2019, 39 (4): 1274, 网络出版: 2019-04-11  

铅玻璃充填红宝石充填量的特征研究

The Characterization Study on Quantity of Filled Glass Material in Ruby
作者单位
1 中国地质大学珠宝学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
2 滇西应用技术大学珠宝学院, 云南 腾冲 679100
摘要
以市场上铅玻璃充填红宝石为研究对象, 对其充填量的特征进行了相关研究。 测试了其常规宝石学参数, 包括: 折射率、 偏光性、 紫外荧光、 可见光谱等。 同时利用微照相、 X射线荧光光谱仪、 红外光谱仪对其充填量特征进行深入研究。 样品的宝石学常规参数通过多次测试求其平均值得到最终结果。 经分析, 充填处理过的样品与天然红宝石的宝石学参数相吻合, 少数几颗在偏光测试中呈现出全亮, 这可能与充填物集中于台面分布有关。 X射线荧光光谱显示样品中铅的峰高而且峰形尖锐, 说明充填量多而明显。 同时利用显微放大观察了所有样品的充填量的内外部特征并进行了对比研究, 发现其充填内外部特征表现为充填裂隙、 凹坑、 气泡、 雾状结构的充填物、 蓝色闪光效应和充填空洞, 且充填量越多, 这些充填特征越明显。 通过对比台面以及底面充填裂隙的大小、 形态和数量; 内部充填气泡多少和大小形态; 暗域漫反射照明下黄色充填物的明显程度和分布面积; 蓝色闪光效益的明显程度可以来区分不同样品不同充填量的差别。 红外光谱测试结果显示3 424, 2 920, 2 851以及2 600 cm-1处的吸收峰, 2 920cm-1为硬水铝矿的吸收峰, 2 851 cm-1为红宝石其他内含物的吸收峰。 3 424和2 600 cm-1为典型铅玻璃充填物的指示峰, 其中3 424 cm-1为充填物水分子的振动吸收峰, 2 600 cm-1为Si—OH的吸收峰。 研究发现若以2 600 cm-1充填物特征指示峰为例, 样品的充填量不同, 该峰的峰形强度以及峰高也不一样。 以2 600 cm-1充填物特征吸收峰为标准, 得出不同样品的此峰高值的柱状图, 因峰高值与充填量成正比关系, 所以此峰高图可以指示得出充填量的变化量。 通过图对比看出样品R-6较R-3峰高值较低, R-3峰高值较R-5低, R-5峰高值最高, 说明R-6充填量较R-3充填量较少, 而R-5充填量最多, 这与前面显微放大观察大部分结论相符合。 通过以上研究与分析, 可以得出铅玻璃充填物基本不影响红宝石本身的宝石学参数特性, 且其分布内外部充填特征基本上可以区别充填量的多少, 但对于充填都过于严重的红宝石却具有局限性。 红外光谱在一定程度上弥补了这个缺陷, 通过对充填物指示峰的峰高计算可以区分充填量之间的微小差别。 这也在一定程度上为铅玻璃充填红宝石的定量分级打下来基础。
Abstract
In this paper, the lead glass filled ruby is the main study object and the characteristics of filling amount were studied. Its conventional gemological parameters were tested, including refractive index, polarization, ultraviolet fluorescence, visible spectrum, etc. At the same time, the characteristics of the filling quantity were studied using the microphotography, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and infrared spectrometer. The average results were obtained through multiple tests. Based on analysis, the filled samples’ gemstones parameters were consistent with the natural rubies’. Excepting a few showing all light in polarization tests that associated with fillings focused on mesa distribution. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer showed that the lead peak was high and shape was stinging, indicating the fillings was large and obvious. At the same time, the internal and external characteristics of the quantity of fillings of all samples were studied by using microscopic magnification, and the comparison research could be made to distinguish the quantity of fillings of some samples. It was found that the internal and external characteristics of the filling were the dotted, linear and reticulate structure and pits; a single or group of bubbles; the filling of a fog-shaped structure formed along the fissure surface; the blue flash effect and filling hole, and the more filling volume is, the more obvious the filling characteristics are. By comparing the size, shape and quantity of surface filling cracks; Bubbles’ size and shape; the obvious degree of the distribution area of the yellow fillings under the diffuse reflection illumination can distinguish the different filling amount of different samples. Infrared spectrum testing shows that the main peaks are 2 920, 3 424, 2 600 and 2 851 cm-1. The 2 920 cm-1 is for diaspora, andthe 2 851 cm-1 is for the other inclusion, and 2 600 and 3424 cm-1 are for typical indicated peaks of the lead glass fillings. Among them, 3 424 cm-1 is the vibration absorption peak of the water molecule, and the 2 600 cm-1 is the absorption peak of Si—OH. If the 2 600 cm-1 is taken as an example, the quantities of the fillings are different, and the intensity of peak shape and height is also different. Meanwhile taking the peak at 2 600 cm-1 as criterion, it is concluded the different values of peak height’ histogram with the value of peak height is proportional to the quantity of fillings, so the histogram can indicate the variable quantity of glass fillings. By comparing the samples, the peak of R-6 is lower than R-3, and R-3 is lower than R-5, and the peak of R-5 is the highest, and illustrating quantities of fillings of R-6 is least, and R-5 is the most. This is in line with most of the results of the microphotography. Through the above research and analysis, lead glass fillings mainly do not affect the ruby gemological parameters, but the distribution of internal and external filling characteristics can basically distinguish the differences of filling quantities, but for samples with very serious fillings, it has limitation. The infrared spectrum makes up for this defect to some extent, and can distinguish the small difference between the filling quantities by the peak height calculation of the filling point peak. This also lays a foundation for the quantitative classification of lead glass filled rubies.

向子涵, 尹作为, 郑晓华. 铅玻璃充填红宝石充填量的特征研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2019, 39(4): 1274. XIANG Zi-han, YIN Zuo-wei, ZHENG Xiao-hua. The Characterization Study on Quantity of Filled Glass Material in Ruby[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2019, 39(4): 1274.

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