利用木材、 竹子、 等其他生物资源制备具有发达多孔结构与丰富比表面积的活性炭, 存在生产成本较高、 不利于生态环境的可持续发展、 使用寿命短和失效后容易造成室内环境二次污染的问题。 冶金固体废弃物与生物质废弃物是工业生产与农业生产主要的副产品, 因利用难度大、 附加值低且成本高, 导致大量堆放和填埋, 不仅造成生态环境的污染, 而且极大的浪费潜在资源。 面对上述问题, 利用冶金固体废弃物与生物质废弃物开发一种价格低廉且性能优越的生态活性炭, 既是冶金固体废弃物与生物质废弃物的高附加值利用与资源可持续发展的重要途径之一, 也是大幅降低改性活性炭生产成本与提高经济效益的重要途径之一。 以核桃壳与电炉渣为研究对象, 利用电炉渣中含有的金属氧化物对生物质废弃物进行改性处理制备用于甲醛降解的生态活性炭, 依据《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》（GB18580—2017）对生态活性炭性能进行测试。 利用X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对元素含量进行测试与分析, X-射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）对化学成分进行测试与分析, 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对结构组成进行测试与分析, X-射线衍射仪（XRD）对矿物组成进行测试与分析, 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对微观结构进行测试与分析, 激光粒度仪（LPSA）对粒度分布进行测试与分析和比表面积及孔径测定仪（BET）对孔结构进行测试与分析, 以揭示核桃壳与电炉渣制备生态活性炭的机理, 以及生态活性炭对甲醛的降解机理。 结果表明: 核桃壳超微粉与电炉渣超微粉进行复合制备具有良好降解甲醛性能的生态活性炭, 不仅实现了冶金固体废弃物与生物质废弃物的高附加值的利用, 而且提出了“以废治危”的新室内空气甲醛治理理念。 电炉渣超微粉较好的被包裹于生态活性炭层状结构中, 提高生态活性炭的粉化率, 形成粒径较小的颗粒, 有利于提高生态活性炭与甲醛的降解作用面积。 电炉渣超微粉中含有Fe元素、 Mn元素与Ti元素, Fe元素具有磁性促使大量甲醛在生物质活性炭孔结构表面形成富集, Mn元素与Ti元素对已经富集的甲醛进行催化降解, 实现吸附降解与催化降解的协同作用。

Activated carbon with developed porous structure and abundant specific surface area was prepared from wood, bamboo and other biological resources, which has the problems of high production cost, being unfavorable to the sustainable development of ecological environment, short service life and being easy to cause secondary pollution of indoor environment after failure. Metallurgical solid waste and biomass waste as a major by-product of industrial production and agricultural production, their use is difficult to achieve, with low added value and high cost, leading to the fact that a large number of metallurgical solid waste and biomass waste cannot be disposed in direct stacking and landfill, causing not only the pollution of ecological environment, but also a great waste of potential resources. In the face of the above problems, the development of low price and superior performance of ecological activated carbon with metallurgical solid waste and biomass waste has become not only one of main methods to achieve the high value-added utilization of metallurgical solid waste and biomass waste and the sustainable development of resources, but also one of main methods to achieve the great reduction of the production cost of modified activated carbon and improve economic benefits. In this paper, walnut shell and electric furnace slag were studied firstly, ecological activated carbon for formaldehyde degradation was prepared by metal oxides contained in the electric furnace slag modified to treat the biomass waste, and performance of ecological activated carbon was tested by referring to Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products (GB18580—2017). Element content was characterized and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), chemical component was characterized and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), composition structure was characterized and analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mineral composition was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microstructure was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution was characterized and analyzed by laser particle analyzer (LPSA) and pore structure was characterized and analyzed by specific surface area and pore size distribution analyzer (BET), so as to reveal the mechanism of preparing ecological activated carbon from walnut shell and electric furnace slag, and the degradation mechanism of formaldehyde by ecological activated carbon. The results showed that ecological activated carbon with good degradation performance of formaldehyde is prepared by walnut shell ultrafine powder and electric furnace slag ultrafine powder, not only realizing the high value-added utilization of metallurgical solid waste and biomass waste, but also putting forward the new indoor air formaldehyde management concept of “treating danger by waste”. Electric furnace slag ultrafine powder is well wrapped in the layered structure of ecological activated carbon, to promote the pulverization rate of ecological activated carbon and forming particles with small particle size can improve the degradation area of ecological activated carbon and formaldehyde. Fe element, Mn element and Ti element are contained in electric furnace slag ultrafine powder; the magnetic property of Fe element induces the formation and enrichment of large amounts of formaldehyde on the pore structure surface of biomass activated carbon, and Mn element and Ti element catalyze the degradation of the enriched formaldehyde, realizing the synergistic effect of adsorption degradation and catalytic degradation.