骨关节炎是由多种因素引起的慢性退行性关节疾病, 严重影响患者的肢体功能和日常生活, 是影响人类健康最常见的关节疾患之一。 当骨关节炎发展到一定程度时, 形成不可逆疾病。 因此, 骨关节炎的及时检测和诊断是至关重要的。 拉曼光谱在分子水平上显示出微创、 无标记和客观诊断的潜力, 因此越来越多的被用于骨关节炎的研究。 在目前本领域流行研究的基础上综述了拉曼光谱在关节软骨和骨关节炎研究中的创新性研究成果和进展, 并简要分析了目前国内外拉曼光谱技术应用的部分局限性以及未来的发展方向。 全文所述分别基于不同拉曼测量模式即宏观拉曼、 显微拉曼、 光纤拉曼三种拉曼光谱技术, 检测在骨关节炎发展中关节软骨等组织中的细胞外基质、 细胞周围基质、 以及软骨细胞中蛋白质、 脂质、 核酸成分等的变化, 甚至关联的软骨下骨和滑液的主要成分变化及其对应的部分骨关节炎特征或生理功能的变化。 该综述表明拉曼光谱检测骨关节炎组织成分变化的有效性和可行性, 可为骨关节炎的后续研究提供参考。 另一方面, 拉曼光谱技术诸多的检测和诊断优势, 特别是不受水影响的特征, 使其非常有潜力发展为本领域临床早期诊断和康复监测的有力的分子光谱技术和临床工具。

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease caused by many factors, which affects the limb function and daily life of patientsseriously, and is one of the most common joint diseases affecting human health.When OA is severe, it will be irreversible. Therefore, it is critical for the timely detection and diagnosis of OA. Raman spectroscopy shows the potential of minimally invasive, label-free and objective diagnosis at the molecular level. So it is used increasingly in the study of OA. The creative findings and progress of the researches on articular cartilage and OA are reviewed in detail, as well as the limitations and prospects of Raman spectroscopy at home and abroad in future. This review mainly introduces that changes in protein, lipids and nucleic acid components which exit in the extracellular matrix, pericellular matrix, and chondrocytes as well as changes in main components of subchondral bone and synovial fluid.Their corresponding OA feature or physiological functions have been detected by three different Raman spectroscopy techniques that include macro-Raman, micro-Raman and optical fiber Raman modes. This review provides a reference for the coming study of OA and suggests the effectiveness and feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in detecting OA. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy has many advantages indetection and diagnosis, especially not being affected by water. It is promising to be powerful molecular spectroscopy techniques and clinical tools for early clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation monitoring in this field.