光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40 (7): 2098, 网络出版: 2020-12-04  

基于电弧光谱诊断的水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分计算

Calculation of Arc Plasma Components in Underwater Wet Welding Based on Arc Spectrum Diagnosis
作者单位
华东交通大学载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330013
摘要
水下湿法焊接技术近年来得到了越来越广泛的应用, 提高水下湿法焊接的焊接质量是很多研究的重点。 水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分直接影响焊接稳定性和焊接质量, 但对水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分的相关研究一直很少, 更缺乏从光谱层面对水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分进行诊断研究。 首先通过对水下湿法焊接的过程进行研究, 搭建了水下湿法焊接实验平台, 通过电弧光谱诊断系统, 对得到的电弧光谱进行诊断分析, 确定了计算电弧等离子体组分所考虑的主要元素。 在光谱诊断结果的基础上, 进一步对水下湿法焊接电弧气泡成分的解离和电离过程进行分析, 确定了计算水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分所需考虑的18种粒子, 在计算得出配分函数的基础上, 通过牛顿迭代法求解由Saha方程、 电荷准中性和方程原子守恒方程组成的方程组, 得出了各个粒子的数密度, 绘制了各个粒子的数密度随温度变化的曲线。 计算结果表明, 在不同温度区间, 水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体中发生的反应不同, 生成的主要粒子不同, 在温度较低时, 水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体主要是由没有电离的分子、 原子及电离能较低的低价态离子组成, 随着温度的升高, 解离反应和电离反应持续进行, 高价态的离子不断被电离出来; 不同粒子随温度变化的趋势也不同, 有的粒子数密度随温度持续升高, 有的不断降低; 计算的结果显示各粒子在不同温度区间变化的趋势与光谱诊断结果相符合, 验证了计算结果的正确性。 等离子体组分的确定为从机理层面对水下湿法的电弧进行研究奠定了基础, 也为进一步对水下湿法焊接电弧热力学属性及辐射属性等参数的研究提供了理论依据。
Abstract
Underwater wet welding technology has been widely used in recent years. Improving the quality of underwater wet welding is the focus of many pieces of researches. The components of arc plasma of underwater wet welding directly affect welding stability and welding quality, but there has been little research on the composition of underwater wet welding arc plasma, there is a lack of diagnostic research on the composition of arc plasma from underwater wet welding by spectral spectroscopy. Through the research on the underwater wet welding process, the underwater wet welding experiment platform was built, through the arc spectroscopy diagnostic system, the obtained arc spectrum was diagnosed and analyzed, and the main elements considered in calculating the arc plasma composition were determined. Based on the spectral diagnosis results, the dissociation and ionization process of the arc bubble component in underwater wet welding were further analyzed, and 18 kinds of particles considered for the calculation of the underwater wet welding arc plasma component were determined. Based on the calculation of the partition function, the Newton iterative method is used to solve the equations consisting of the Saha equation, the charge quasi-neutral and the equation atom conservation equation, the number density of each particle is obtained, and the curve of the number density of each particle as a function of temperature is plotted. The calculation results show that the reaction occurs in the underwater wet welding arc plasma in different temperature ranges, and the main particles are different. At low temperatures, underwater wet welding arc plasma is mainly composed of unionized molecules, atoms and low-value ions with low ionization energy, as the temperature increases, the dissociation reaction and ionization reaction continue, and the ions of high valence state are continuously ionized. The tendency of different particles to change with temperature is also different. The calculated results show that the trend of each particle changing in different temperature ranges is consistent with the spectral diagnosis result. The determination of the plasma composition lays a foundation for the study of the arc of the underwater wet method from the mechanism layer, and provides a theoretical basis for further research on the thermodynamic properties and radiation properties of the underwater wet welding arc.

李志刚, 徐翔, 李洋, 黄卫. 基于电弧光谱诊断的水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体组分计算[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(7): 2098. LI Zhi-gang, XU Xiang, LI Yang, HUANG Wei. Calculation of Arc Plasma Components in Underwater Wet Welding Based on Arc Spectrum Diagnosis[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2020, 40(7): 2098.

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