突破了衍射极限的超分辨光学显微成像通常被用于观测亚细胞的结构特性及其相互作用,对于研究基因组和攻克重大疾病具有重要意义。首先分别介绍了4种典型的超分辨显微成像技术的工作原理,然后阐述了多色荧光成像和三维成像等观测手段的研究进展,最后综述了近年来国内外超分辨光学成像在细胞活动观测、细菌细胞研究和细胞骨架观测中的应用现状。文中指出,影响成像质量的主要因素包括荧光蛋白较差的光稳定性、低的光活化速率以及弱的荧光强度等。随着上述问题的解决,超分辨光学成像将在厚样品三维成像、多色荧光成像和活细胞快速成像等方面得到广泛应用,最终推动生命科学、材料科学的发展。

Ultra-resolution optical microscopy, which breaks through the diffraction limit, is typically used to observe structural characteristics and interactions of subcells. This method has great significance for the study of genomes and tackling major diseases. This paper begins by introducing the working principles of four typical super-resolution microscopic imaging techniques. Subsequently, research progress in the areas of multi-color fluorescence imaging and three-dimensional imaging is emphasized. Finally, recent applications of super-resolution optical imaging for cell activity observation, bacterial cell research, and cytoskeleton observation are reviewed both domestically and abroad. The main factors reportedly affecting the imaging quality are poor light stability of the fluorescent protein, low light activation rate, and weak fluorescence intensity. Solution of the above problems will lead to the widespread use of super-resolution optical imaging for the three-dimensional imaging of thick samples, multi-color fluorescence imaging, and fast imaging of living cells, ultimately furthering the development of life science and materials science.