宣纸是中国书画作品必不可少的载体, 具有优良的耐久性和防霉性能, 因此赢得了“纸中之王”的美誉。2009年, 宣纸被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。羟基磷灰石具有优良的生物相容性, 环境友好, 白度高, 是一种具有良好应用前景的生物材料。羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性, 可用于构建具有不同功能的新型耐火纸。本研究发展了一种新型纳米复合“宣纸”, 由羟基磷灰石超长纳米线和植物纤维复合制成。所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”的白度随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量增加而得到提高, 当羟基磷灰石超长纳米线重量比为25%时, 其白度为76.1%, 高于商品生宣纸(71.9%)或商品熟宣纸(70.3%)。采用三种霉菌(球毛壳霉菌、长枝木霉菌、黑曲霉菌)研究了新型纳米复合“宣纸”的抗霉菌性能。实验结果显示, 与传统宣纸相比, 所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”的防霉性能得到显著改善, 与空白样品和商品宣纸相比, 纳米复合“宣纸”对霉菌的生长具有更好的抑制能力, 在其表面三种霉菌的生长速率明显较低, 并且随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量的增加而降低。在恒温恒湿箱内培养过程中, 商品宣纸表面生长出霉菌, 但是纳米复合“宣纸”表面上没有观察到明显的霉菌生长。预期所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”有助于书画艺术品的长久安全保存, 在书法和绘画艺术中具有良好的应用前景。

Xuan paper is an indispensable carrier for Chinese calligraphy and painting works. It has won the reputation of “the King of Paper” because of its superior durability and anti-mildew performance. Xuan paper was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the United Nations in 2009. In this study, we developed a new type of nanocomposite “Xuan paper” made from ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers with excellent anti-mildew performance. The whiteness of the as-prepared nanocomposite “Xuan paper” with HAP weight ratio of 25% is 76.1%, which is higher than that of the commercial unprocessed Xuan paper (71.9%) or the commercial processed Xuan paper (70.3%). The nanocomposite “Xuan paper” has superior performance in inhibiting the growth of three kinds of moulds (Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride (long branch) and Aspergillus niger) compared with the blank control and commercial Xuan paper. During the incubation process, the mildew grows on the surface of the traditional Xuan paper, however, no obvious growth of mildew is observed on the surface of the nanocomposite “Xuan paper”. It is expected that the nanocomposite “Xuan paper” is favorable for its long-term safe preservation and application in calligraphy and painting arts.