为研究激光熔覆扫描路径对薄板变形的影响,熔覆阶段使用位移传感器对薄板变形进行动态测量,熔覆结束后对三种扫描路径扫描后的薄板进行整体变形测量。结果表明,三种扫描路径下薄板的P2测点均产生凹变形;熔覆阶段的变形呈周期性膨胀和收缩变形,且整体变形量不断地累积叠加;螺旋式扫描产生的弯曲变形最大。单向式扫描和往复式扫描在熔覆区域均呈凹变形,薄板上端边缘呈凸起变形。螺旋式扫描在熔覆层中心和薄板两端边缘呈凸起变形,沿横向中心线的截面变形呈“W”型,且产生较小的扭曲变形。三种扫描路径中单向式扫描可以有效减小薄板的变形,且熔覆区域的成形质量较好。

To investigate the influence of the laser-cladding scanning path on the distortions of a thin plate, a displacement sensor was used to measure dynamic distortions during the cladding process. In addition, all the distortions of the thin plate were measured after cladding using three different scanning paths. The three scanning paths all produced concave distortions at measurement point P₂. In the cladding stage, the distortions accumulate and stack continuously, taking the form of periodic expansions and contractions. Spiral scanning produced the maximum bending distortion. The cladding area of single-direction scanning and reciprocating scanning experienced concave distortions, while the upper edge of the thin plate underwent convex distortions. During spiral scanning, the center of the spiral-scanning cladding layer and the edges of both ends of the thin plate experienced convex distortions. The sectional distortion transverse to the centerline was of the “W” type, and it produced small torsional distortions. Among the three types of scanning paths, single-direction scanning effectively reduced the distortions of the thin plate, and the formed quality of the cladding area was better.