超表面是一种亚波长厚度的二维超构材料,可高效调控电磁波的近场辐射,而变换光学提供了通过设计材料的电磁参数来调控电磁波以预设路径进行传播的理论方法。利用变换光学概念可以模拟广义相对论中弯曲时空的现象。介绍了利用超表面波导开展类比引力的实验工作,模拟宇宙早期暴胀过程中所产生的一维拓扑缺陷——宇宙弦,观察在拓扑非平庸宇宙弦时空中电磁波的定向散射。此外,在超表面波导中引入材料损耗,对希格斯场的相变利用光学模式的对称性破缺进行模拟。对研究现状进行综述,并结合目前研究基础分析超表面的研究前景及发展趋势。

Metasurface is a two-dimensional metamaterial with subwavelength thickness, which can effectively regulate the near-field radiation of electromagnetic waves. Transformation optics supplies a theoretical method to control the propagation of an electromagnetic wave by changing the electromagnetic parameters of an artificial material. In particular, the general relativity phenomena in curved spacetime can be emulated via the transformation optics concept. We introduce the experimental work on the analogy of gravity by exploiting a metasurface waveguide, and simulate the cosmic string as a one-dimensional topological defect generated during the early inflation of the universe, as well as the definite photonic deflection in the nontrivial space of cosmic string. Furthermore, by including the material loss, the symmetry breaking of photonic modes can be used to mimic the phase transition of the Higgs vacuum eld. This paper summarizes the research status and combines the current research basis to analyze the research prospects and development trends of metasurface.