镍钛合金是一种常见的智能材料,具有优良的形状记忆效应,在航空航天、医学和电子等领域具有广泛应用。激光选区熔化技术能够突破传统制造工艺的局限,成形出形状复杂且性能优异的镍钛合金构件,使构件的形状、性能和功能在时间和空间维度上实现可控变化,是“4D打印”的研究热点方向之一。本文简要介绍了激光选区熔化成形镍钛合金的国内外研究进展与技术现状,分析了成形工艺、热处理工艺等对镍钛合金成形件相变温度以及形状记忆效应和超弹性两大性能的影响,总结了激光选区熔化成形镍钛合金较为适宜的工艺参数,并对SLM成形镍钛合金的未来发展进行了展望,为镍钛合金激光选区熔化“4D打印”提供参考。

Owing to its excellent shape memory effect, nitinol is a smart material that has been widely used in fields such as aerospace, medicine, and electronics. Nitinol components with complex shapes and desirable properties can be produced by selective laser melting, which overcomes the limitations of traditional manufacturing. Selective laser melting enables the shapes, properties, and functionalities of the components to achieve controllable changes in time and space dimensions, which is one of the popular research topics in “4D printing”. In this study, the research progress and technology status of nitinol formed by selective laser melting are briefly reviewed. Various influence factors on the transformation temperatures, shape memory effect, and superelasticity of nitinol are investigated, in which the influence factors are related to forming process, heat treatments, etc. Moreover, the suitable process parameters of nitinol formed by selective laser melting are summarized. Finally, a prospect for future development of deposition of nitinol by selective laser melting is presented. This study provides a reference for “4D printing” of nitinol formed by selective laser melting.