针对水体小角度范围内后向散射强度测量难的问题,基于沙氏成像原理设计了水体沙氏激光雷达系统。介绍了水体沙氏激光雷达系统的设计、模拟及搭建,并对去离子水、自来水及河水三种水体进行水槽实验。详细介绍了多测量介质条件下的距离校正方法。将后向散射的光束宽度和强度变化情况与分光光度计测量数据进行比较,发现激光光束的宽度及强度变化表征光束衰减情况,同时可表征不同水体的后向散射强弱规律。分光光度计数据与水体沙氏激光雷达数据结果具有较好的一致性。

Herein, to address the challenge in measuring the small-angle backscattering intensity of water bodies, the water Scheimpflug lidar system was designed based on the Scheimpflug imaging principle. The design, simulation, and construction of this water Scheimpflug lidar were presented, and the flume experiments were conducted on deionized water, tap water, and river water. Moreover, the distance correction method under the condition of multi-measurement media was discussed in detail. The variations in width and intensity of the backscattered beam were compared with the measured data by the spectrophotometer. Results indicate that the width and intensity of a laser beam can represent the beam attenuation and simultaneously characterize the backscattered optical intensities in different water bodies. Furthermore, the data from the spectrophotometer have a good consistency with those from the water Scheimpflug lidar system.