We start from the intensity distribution of a standing wave (SW) laser field and deduce the classical equation of atomic motion. The image distortion is analyzed using transfer function approach. Atomic flux density distribution as a function of propagation distance is calculated based on Monte-Carlo scheme and trajectory tracing method. Simulation results have shown that source imperfection, especially beam spread, plays an important role in broadening the feature width, and the focus depth of atom lens for real atomic source is longer than that for perfect source. The ideal focal plane can be easily determined by the variation of atomic density at the minimal potential of the laser field as a function of traveling distance.

A phase-shift fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with sampling is proposed to generate a multi-channel bandpass filter in the background of multi-channel stopbands. The sampled moire fiber gratings are analyzed by Fourier transform theory first, and then simulation and experiment are performed, the results show that transmission peaks are opened in every reflective channel, the spectrum shape of every channel is identical. It can be used to fabricate multi-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser.

A math model that can describe the effect of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on pilot-tone detection technique is proposed. Through numerical simulation, it is shown that the effect of SRS could produce ghost-tones. The power of ghost-tones was larger for the channels separated further from the real-tone. The power ratio between real-tone and ghost-tones increases linearly with the increase of transmission length when propagation distance longer than 300 km.

Considering spectrum tilt due to signal-to-signal Raman scattering (SSRS) in backward distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (B-DFRA), an inverse tilted on-off gain profile is adopted to achieve flat net gain. A simple approximate linear relationship of pump power at each wavelength versus on-off gain level and tilt was derived numerically and experimentally so that a novel control method was established. Since there are only 3 pre-determinable constants required for individual pump wave, it is easy to be realized. As an example, maximum errors less than 0.2 and 0.4 dB respectively for average gain and gain tilt were achieved over C+L band in 100-km back-pumped standard single-mode fiber (SMF) experimentally.

We present a method to optimize the flat-band long-period fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in this letter. The method is based on the particle swarm optimization method and the matrix transmission method. The optimized refractive modulation profile does not introduce so many phase shifts and is easier to fabricate compared with that of layer-peeling method which introduces lots of π phase shift at each zero point of apodization profile in designing for the same problem.

A high-birefringence linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is written into a polarization-maintaining photosensitive fiber by ultraviolet (UV) beam through a linearly chirped phase mask. Its performance as group velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator is demonstrated in short pulse fiber optical transmission systems.

Based on the principle that a rectangular function can be expanded into a sum of complex Gaussian functions with finite numbers, propagation characteristics of a Gaussian beam or a plane wave passing through apertured fractional Fourier transforming systems are analyzed and corresponding analytical formulae are obtained. Analytical formulae in different fractional orders are numerically simulated and compared with the diffraction integral formulae, the applicable range and exactness of analytical formulae are confirmed. It is shown that the calculating speed of using the obtained approximate analytical formulae, is several hundred times faster than that of using diffraction integral directly. Meanwhile, by using analytical formulae the effect of different aperture sizes on Gaussian beam propagation characteristics is numerically simulated, it is shown that the diffraction effect can be neglected when the aperture size is 5 times larger than the beam waist size.

Imaging laser radar can give intensity and range images, which provide integrated 3-dimensional (3D) information about objects. However, dropouts and range anomalies exacerbate range images, which makes their background cluttered and target blurred. For background suppression, a new algorithm that combines intensity image and its mean is presented. By using this algorithm to process actual laser radar range images, most background noises are suppressed. According to range anomalies characteristics, multi-template selection order mean filtering algorithm is presented and used for actual ladar range images where the distance between two targets is 77 m. This algorithm obtains the clear range image in which the interval of two objects is 75 m. The result shows that the processing algorithm is correct and effective.

A method of image edge detection using the Hopfield neural network (HNN) is proposed in this paper. The image edge parameters are introduced in detail, and the energy function of HNN is given based on the edge parameters. Tests on the image edge detection show that images detected by the proposed method have good edge closeness and true edge, at the same time it has good anti-noise performance. The image edge detection using HNN is better than that obtained by some other edge detection operators.

In order to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition, a new seismic acquisition system based on tangential laser Doppler effect with an optimized differential optical configuration is proposed. The relative movement of the inertia object and the immobile frame is measured by laser Doppler effect, which can avoid the electromagnetic and thermometric interference, and the adoption of frequency-modulated (FM) transmission can improve the ability of anti-jamming. The frequency bandwidth is properly determined by analyzing the frequency of the Doppler signal. The velocity, displacement, acceleration, and frequency to be measured can be real-time acquired by frequency/velocity (F/V) converting the FM Doppler signal. A 100-dB dynamic range and the linear frequency range of 1.0 to 1000 Hz are realized.

Semiconductor fiber temperature sensors have been used widely in many fields, but most of them pick up temperature by measuring the optical intensity of certain fixed narrow-band in absorption spectrum. Furthermore, they are sensitive to the loss of optical intensity and the fluctuation of light source power. The novel temperature measurement system proposed in this paper is based on the semiconductor absorption theory and the spectral analysis of method. To measure temperature, the sensor model detects not the certain narrow-band spectrum but the most spectra of the optical absorption edge. Therefore the measurement accuracy and the stability can be improved greatly. Experimental results are in agreement with theoretical analysis results perfectly.

We demonstrated a stable single-frequency, single-polarization operation of ytterbium-doped fiber laser. As a novel practical method to realize single-polarization operation of fiber distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, we proposed self-injection locking (SIL) with an active fiber ring feedback cavity. The laser has high output power exceeding 15 mW, wavelength of 1053.20 nm, and side-mode suppression ratio greater than 60 dB. The SIL fiber laser shows the improvements in output power and side-mode suppression compared with the fiber DBR laser. No mode-hopping is observed within 2 hours.

An improved butt coupling method is used to fabricate an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) monolithically integrated with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The obtained electroabsorption-modulated laser (EML) chip with the traditional shallow ridge exhibits very low threshold current of 12 mA, output power of more than 8 mW, and static extinction ratio of -7 dB at the applied bias voltage from 0.5 to -2.0 V.

Er^(3+)-doped fluoride lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses with compositions of (65-x/2)SiO_(2).(25-x/2)Al_(2)O_(3).xAlF_(3).9.1La_(2)O_(3).0.6Er_(2)O_(3).0.3Yb_(2)O_(3) (x = 4, 8, 12, 20, 30) (mol%) were prepared and their glass transitiontemperatures and spectroscopic properties were investigated. The Ω_(2), Ω_(4), and Ω_(6) intensity parameters of glasses were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory from absorption curves. It was found that glasses transition temperature and melting temperature decreased with the increase of fluoride content in glass, Ω_(2) decreased gradually with the increase of AlF_(3) content, but both Ω_(4) and Ω_(6) did not increase until AlF_(3) content increased to 30 mol%. The quantum efficiency of ^(4)I_(13/2) to ^(4)I_(15/2) transition of Er^(3+) ions increases with the increase of AlF_(3) content in glass. Fluorescent lifetime is longer in glass containing more AlF_(3) content.

A novel method to generate a collimated hollow-laser-beam (HLB) by only a single axicon is proposed. With some reasonable assumptions, the radial light intensity distribution is calculated in detail by diffraction integral theory. The result of numerical simulation shows that this method is valid. Compared with other methods of generating HLB, this scheme is extraordinarily simple in principle and can be utilized experimentally to construct a light trap in atomic fountain for convenience.

We show how a non-local quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate with multiple targets can be implemented with unit fidelity and unit probability. The explicit quantum circuit for implementing the operation is presented. Two schemes for probabilistic implementing the operation via partially entangled quantum channels with unit fidelity are put forward. The overall physical resources required for accomplishing these schemes are different, and the successful implementation probabilities are also different.

The spectral changes of a partially coherent polychromatic light focused by an apertured lens with chromatic aberration are investigated. It is demonstrated that the spectrum in the focused field is different from that in the aperture. Comparing with the spectrum in the aperture, the spectrum in the focused field shifts to lower or higher frequency, which is defined as a spectral shift. The influence of chromatic aberration of the lens, the coherence of the partially coherent light in the aperture, the radius of the aperture, and the spectral width of the spectrum of the aperture on the spectral shift are investigated in detail. The numerical results show that these parameters affect the spectral shift noticeably.

Ag-MgF_(2) composite films with different Ag fractions were prepared through a co-evaporation method. Microstructure analysis shows that the films are composed of amorphous MgF_(2) matrix and embedded fcc-Ag nanoparticles. The optical constants and their dispersion of the films, within the wavelength range of 250-650 nm, were measured by reflecting spectroscopic ellipsometry. The maximum of the imaginary part ε'' of the complex dielectric permittivity attributing to the surface plasmon resonance polarization of the Ag nanoparticles in an Ag-MgF_(2) film, and the tangent of the phase-shift angle δ resulting from the dielectric loss of the film, occur at λ=435 nm and λ=420 nm, respectively. Based on Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory, the experimentally observed dispersion spectra were reasonably described.

The mechanism of near infrared (IR) focused femtosecond (fs) laser induced defects in silica glasses produced by different methods is systematically investigated through measurements of absorption, fluorescence, and electronic spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The influence of impurities and hydroxyl groups on defects is discussed. The results show that ES silica glasses containing high OH and few defects are much stable under fs laser irradiation. It is also verified that Si Eδ' center formation has no direct relation with chloride ions.