A complex optical model potential correlated by the concept of bonded atoms, which considers the overlapping effect of electron clouds between two atoms in a molecule, is firstly employed to calculate the absolute differential cross sections, the integrated and momentum transfer cross sections for electrons scattered by O2 at intermediate and high energies by using additivity rule model at Hartree-Fock level. In the study, the complex optical model potential is composed of static, exchange, correlation polarization plus absorption contributions. The quantitative absolute differential cross sections, the integrated and momentum transfer cross sections are obtained. Compared with available experimental data, this approach presents good results. It is shown that the additivity rule model together with the complex optical model potential correlated by the concept of bonded atoms is completely suitable for the calculations of the absolute differential cross sections, the integrated and momentum transfer cross sections.

A broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source of 88 nm is demonstrated using novel bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (EDF) with the length of only 49.2 cm in a bi-direction pumping scheme. The maximum output power of 14.3 dBm is obtained under total pump power of 162 mW. The fiber loop mirror which works as a broadband reflector is responsible for the broadband output spectrum of this source according to the experiments.

Focused on the low noise figure requirements of erbium-doped preamplifiers, a two stage cascade preamplifier was presented based on the optimized design. With the total fiber length of 31.4 m and total pump power of 135 mW, this preamplifier can produce above 30-dB gain and keep the noise figure below 4.76 dB for all C-band signals, with the minimum noise figure as low as 3.38 dB for -30-dBm, 1550-nm signal.

In this paper, an inner wavelength method is proposed to enlarge buffering capacity of shared fiber delay line buffers. In addition, an optical packet switch called extended shared buffer type optical packet switch (extended SB-OPS) is proposed to realize the inner wavelength method. In order to further improve performance of extended SB-OPS, a greedy algorithm based on inner wavelength method is introduced. The performance of extended SB-OPS is evaluated by simulation experiments.

The rotation invariant feature of the target is obtained using the multi-direction feature extraction property of the steerable filter. Combining the morphological operation top-hat transform with the self-organizing feature map neural network, the adaptive topological region is selected. Using the erosion operation, the topological region shrinkage is achieved. The steerable filter based morphological self-organizing feature map neural network is applied to automatic target recognition of binary standard patterns and real-world infrared sequence images. Compared with Hamming network and morphological shared-weight networks respectively, the higher recognition correct rate, robust adaptability, quick training, and better generalization of the proposed method are achieved.

Using second-order autocorrelation conception, a novel method and instrument for accurately measuring interval between two linearly polarized ultrashort pulses with real time were presented. The experiment demonstrated that the measuring method and instrument were simple and accurate (the measurement error <5 fs). During measuring, there was no moving element resulting in dynamic measurement error.

In this letter, a novel mechanism of hybrid optical bistability is proposed by using nonlinear mechanism in the frequency domain. This device is based on electro-optical feedback through the fiber Bragg grating on piezoelectric transducer (PZT) to tune continuous wave (CW) fiber laser. The optical bistable characteristics for two manners of separately alternating input power and bias voltage are discussed. The smallest wavelength shift of the order of 0.001 nm needed to realize a switching process in this optical bistability device is estimated. The potential applications of this device in the optical fiber sensor technique are also discussed.

A planar lightwave circuit (PLC) add-drop filter is proposed and analyzed, which consists of a symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) combined with double microring resonators. A critical coupling condition is derived for a better box-like drop spectrum. Comparisons of its characteristics with other schemes, such as a MZI with a single ring resonator, arepresented, and some of the issues about device design and fabrication are also discussed.

After propagating through the overlapping-image integral mirror, the interference fringe is a major factor that affects the uniformity of the image plane. In this paper, a He-Ne laser is used as light source, and the complex amplitude of the incident laser beam is modulated by an alternating electric field controlled vibrating mirror that is placed before the optical system. The experimental results show that after propagating through the overlapping-image integral mirror, not only the contrast of the interference fringes on the image plane is depressed, but also the uniformity of the intensity distribution of the transformed light beam is improved. Finally, based on the experimental results, two optical systems that can be applied to high power laser uniformity transformation are presented.

To optimize the performance of longitudinally pumped Yb^(3+):Y2O3 ceramic lasers, cavity parameters such as material length and output coupler transmission at a certain laser output power are calculated numerically using quasi-three-level laser model. The results show great potential of Yb^(3+):Y2O3 ceramics for highly efficient diode-pumped solid-state lasers.

Based on the studies of influence of YAG laser heating conditions for Al alloy melt and steel on wettability, the mechanics of the laser overlap braze welding of 6056 Al and XC18 steel sheet has been investigated. Under the temperature range which is above the melting point of the Al alloy and below the melting point of the steel, two dissimilar metals can be joined by means of laser braze welding. There is no crack observed in the joining area, i.e. Al-Fe intermetallic phase (Fe3Al/FeAl/FeAl3/Fe2Al5) layer formed by solution and diffusion between liquid-solid interface. The temperature range can be defined as the process temperatures of laser braze welding of Al-Fe materials. Selecting a higher laser heating temperature can improve the wettability of Al melt to steel surface, but the intermetallic phase layer is also thicker. When the laser heating temperature is so high that the joining surface of steel is melted, there is a crack trend in the joining area.

TiNi alloy, especially porous TiNi, a good biocompatible material, can be made by laser induced self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). A 40-W CO2 laser was used to ignite the powders of Ti and Ni, and TiNi intermetallic compound was synthesized by SHS in a reaction kettle of stainless steel. High-speed photography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate and analyze the reaction process, phase composing, and microstructure of the product, respectively. The influence factors on the reaction process and the product were discussed. The results indicate that laser induced SHS is an efficient, energy-saving method; The phase ingredient of the product consists of TiNi, Ti2Ni, and Ni3Ti. With the increase of the preparing pressure of the sample, the reacting rate decreases; with the increase of the laser power and the preheating temperature, the reacting rate increases. Under the condition of 30 deg.(centigrade)/min, the synthesis reaction had been carried out consistently and completely.

The dynamic performances of magneto-optical Bi-substituted rare-earth iron garnet (BIG) under different external magnetic fields and at different frequencies are experimentally studied. The measurement data indicate that the Faraday rotation angle is almost proportional to the external magnetic field when the garnet is far less saturated, while there is good switch performance when it is saturated. The higher the working frequency is, the larger the saturation magnetic field and the phase delay of Faraday angle relative to the field. The saturation fields and the phase delays at different frequencies are measured. The dynamic performance of the BIG determines the performance of BIG-based optical devices. To get the better performance of such devices, the garnets with small dampness and large stiffness should be chosen elaborately.

Influence of thermal-mechanical properties on the features of the panda polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF) in fabrication process is studied in detail by finite element method (FEM). The stress birefringence is 2.13443*10^(-4) obtained by the static analysis and 2.1269*10^(-4) by dynamic analysis. The difference in simulation by two methods is around 0.4%. The non-uniformity of stress birefringence in the fiber core is about 1.6%. Predicted results demonstrate that effect of the thermal conductive parameter on fiber thermal stress dominates. The high and uniform stress birefringence in the fiber core is obtained by appropriately selecting suitable stress region area and position.

The enhancement of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of acetone (C3H6O) and the generation of three-color lasers in lasing dye rhodamine B (RB) were reported. The first-order Stokes wave (629.9 nm) of SRS of C3H6O was amplified by 2.83 times than that of pure C3H6O. At the same time, a dye laser of RB at the wavelength from 575 to 598 nm can be generated in a suitable concentration of RB between 3*10^(-5) and 2*10^(-4) mol/L. Thus the green pump laser, yellow dye laser, and red Stokes wave concurred.

A novel 1.55-μm spot-size converter integrated electroabsorption modulator was designed with conventional photolithography and chemical wet etching process. A ridge double-core structure was employed for the modulator, and a buried ridge double-core structure was incorporated for the spot-size converter. The passive waveguide was optically combined with a laterally tapered active waveguide to control the mode size. The figure of merit is 4.1667 dB/V(/100 μm) and the beam divergence angles in the horizontal and vertical directions were as small as 11.2 deg. and 13.0 deg., respectively.

There is a tradeoff between the quantum efficiency and the spectral response linewidth in resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors. Recently a new type of photodetector structure has been proposed, which utilizes an inclined mirror in a three-mirror cavity. It decouples the quantum efficiency and the spectral response linewidth and has high response speed, high quantum efficiency, and narrow linewidth simultaneously. The analysis result indicates that the linewidth of 0.8 nm and quantum efficiency higher than 70% can be achieved on this device. For a 30*30 μm2 device, the maximum bandwidth approaches 23 GHz.

Using molecular dynamics (MD) methods combining with two-step radiation heating model, the mechanisms of ablation and the thermodynamic states at Ni surface under femtosecond laser irradiation are investigated. Simulation results show that the main mechanisms of ablation are evaporation and tensile stresses generated inside the target. The velocity of stress wave is predicted to be nearly equal to sound velocity. The rates of ablation at different fluences obtained from simulations are in good agreement with experimental data. Superheating phenomenon is also discovered.

unavailable320.7120 ultrafast phenomena 310.0310 thin films 310.6870 thin films other properties 350.1820 damage 

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Chinese Optics Letters

2005, 3(1): 0160