The method for synthesis of corrected three-wavelengths spectrometers for trace gas components of atmosphere on the basis of development of mathematical model has been suggested. The classification table for possible structures of corrected spectrometers is considered. The synthesis allows to reveal some new variants for development of three-wavelength spectrometers for trace gas components of atmosphere. For experimental checkup of achieved theoretical results, a laboratory pattern of three-wavelength spectrometer is developed and tested.

The wind error of multichannel lidar system is simulated through calculation of atmospheric back-sacttering echo signal and weighted least-square fitting. By comparing the wind errors of four wavelengths of the Nd:YAG laser, two kinds of phenomena are found: when the wavelength is 1064 nm, the wind error is the smallest at all different heights; with the aerosol-molecular ratio descending and finally tending to 1, the statistic error increases sharply, which shows that low aerosol-molecular ratio is quite disadvantageous whatever the signal intensity is.

Based on the scattering properties of nonspherical dust aerosol, a new method is developed for retrieving dust aerosol optical depths of dusty clouds. The dusty clouds are defined as the hybrid system of dust plume and cloud. The new method is based on transmittance measurements from surface-based instruments multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) and cloud parameters from lidar measurements. It uses the difference of absorption between dust aerosols and water droplets for distinguishing and estimating the optical properties of dusts and clouds, respectively. This new retrieval method is not sensitive to the retrieval error of cloud properties and the maximum absolute deviations of dust aerosol and total optical depths for thin dusty cloud retrieval algorithm are only 0.056 and 0.1, respectively, for given possible uncertainties. The retrieval error for thick dusty cloud mainly depends on lidar-based total dusty cloud properties.

The Rb(5DJ)+H2 RbH+H photochemical reaction has been studied. Rb vapor mixed with H2 is irradiated in a glass cell with 778-nm pulses which populate one of the 5 2D states by two-photon absorption. Measurements for the relative intensities of the atomic fluorescence and the absorption of the RbH product near the axis of the cell yield the rate coefficients for the Rb(5D_{3/2})+H2 and Rb(5D_{5/2})+H2 reactions, which are (3.6\pm1.3)\times10^{-11} and (1.7\pm0.6)\times10^{-11} cm3/s, respectively. The relative reactivity with H2 for Rb(5D_{3/2}) is higher than that for Rb(5D_{5/2}).

A novel assembly control algorithm named burst-size feedback adaptive assembly period (BFAAP) is proposed. The major difference between BFAAP and other similar adaptive assembly algorithms is that the control curve of BFAAP is dynamically adjusted according to the feedback of outgoing burst size. BFAAP is compared with two typical algorithms fixed assembly period (FAP) and min-burst length max-assembly period (MBMAP) in simulation in terms of burst size distribution and assembly period. Moreover, the transmission control protocol (TCP) performance over BFAAP is also considered and simulated.

Amplification and phase regeneration can be realized using a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA). The phase regeneration of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals based on PSA is analyzed theoretically. We realize the phase regeneration of differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals based on a structure using two balanced PSAs. Simulations show that nearly ideal phase regeneration can be achieved for the DPSK/DQPSK signals.

The performance of an optical switching network is mainly determined by its core node structure. An improved optical packet switching (OPS) node structure based on recirculation optical fiber delay line (FDL) and feedback tunable wavelength converter (TWC), and a specific scheduling algorithm for the node structure are presented. This switching structure supports both point-to-point and point-to-multi-points broadcasting transmission with superior capacity expansion performance. Its superiority in packet loss probability is proved by simulation.

Highly birefringent elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with single defect and double defects are proposed, which are supposed to be achieved by extruding normal circular-hole PCFs based on a triangular-lattice photonic crystal structure. Comparative research on the birefringence and the confinement loss of the proposed PCFs with single defect and double defects is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed PCFs with single defect and double defects can be with high birefringence (even up to the order of 10^{02}). The confinement loss increases when the ellipticity of the air hole of the PCFs increases, which nevertheless can be overcome by increasing the ring number or the area of the air holes in the fiber cladding.

We investigate the coupling characteristics of photonic crystal fiber composed of two cores with different index profiles. The index curves of the fundamental modes of the two cores can cross at a desired wavelength by choosing appropriate index profiles of the cores. As a result, wavelength-selective coupling is achieved. The designed coupler can be applied as an optical fiber bandstop filter with 26-nm bandwidth.

The amplification effect on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and Rayleigh scattering in the backward pumped G652 fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) is studied. The pump source is a 1427.2-nm fiber Raman laser whose power is tunable between 0-1200 mW, and the signal source is a tunable narrow spectral bandwidth (<10 MHz) external cavity laser (ECL). The Rayleigh scattering lines are amplified by the FRA and Stokes SBS lines are amplified by the FRA and the fiber Brillouin amplifier. The total gain of SBS lines is the production of the gain of Raman amplifier and that of Brillouin amplifier. In experiment, the SBS gain is about 42 dB and the saturation gain of 25-km G652 backward FRA is about 25 dB, so the gain of fiber Brillouin amplifier is about 17 dB.

Depth perception for night vision (NV) imagery could largely improve scene comprehension. We present a novel scheme to give fused multi-band NV imagery smoothly natural color appearance as well as depth sense from color. Our approach is based on simulating color cues by varying saturation values of each object in the color NV image, in correspondence with the ratio between the infrared and low-light-level sensor outputs which in practice is the depth feature for same materials. We render the NV image segment-by-segment by taking advantage of image segmentation, dominant color transfer, saturation variation, and image fusion. Experiments have shown that the proposed scheme can achieve satisfying results.

Traditional color-based mean shift tracking algorithm is unable to accurately track the object. To address this problem, we present an improved tracking algorithm. The improved tracker integrates the color and motion cues which characterize the appearance and motion information of the object, respectively. These two visual cues can complement each other and make for more precise target localization. Experiments show that the proposed tracking algorithm has better performance than the traditional mean shift tracker.

When using a single reference to measure the bi-directional scattering distribution function (BSDF), the incident zenith angle of the tested sample must be identical to that of the reference. In order to get the hemisphere space scattering characteristic on the sample surface, usually a motor drives the sample tilting, then the incident zenith angle is changed and needs to be the compensated by another motor. We mathematically deduce the expression of compensation angle when the incident zenith angle is changed by the rotation of motor. After the incident angle is compensated, the scattering zenith angle and azimuth angle are deduced too. The uncertainty of the system is 0.75%. Scattering measurements are performed on copper sample with visible light under different temperatures.

A method for compensating the measuring error of the grating displacement measurement system with absolute zero mark is presented. It divides the full scale range into piece-wise subsections and compares the maximum variation of the measuring errors of two adjacent subsections with the threshold. Whether the specified subsection is divided into smaller subsections is determined by the comparison result. After different compensation parameters and weighted average values of the random errors are obtained, the error compensation algorithm is implemented in the left and right subsections, and the whole measuring error of the grating displacement measurement system is reduced by about 73%. Experimental results show that the method may not only effectively compensate the spike error but also greatly improve the precision of the measuring system.

Laser probe beam deflection technique is used for the analysis of laser-induced plasma shock waves in air and distilled water. The temporal and spatial variations of the parameters on shock fronts are studied as functions of focal lens position and laser energy. The influences of the characteristics of media are investigated on the well-designed experimental setup. It is found that the shock wave in distilled water attenuates to an acoustic wave faster than in air under the same laser energy. Good agreement is obtained between our experimental results and those attained with other techniques. This technique is versatile, economic, and simple to implement, being a promising diagnostic tool for pulsed laser processing.

We demonstrate the near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (CuPcF16 doped into 2,2,2”-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris-[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole] (TPBI). The device structure is ITO/ NPB/ TPBI:CuPcF16/BCP/Alq3/Al. Room-temperature electroluminescence is observed at about 1106 nm due to transitions from the first excited triplet state to the ground state (T1-S0) of CuPcF16. The result indicates that Forster and Dexter energy transfers play a minor role in these devices, while the direct charge trapping is the dominant mechanism. The absorption spectra of CuPcF16 solution in pyridine and vacuum sublimed films on quartz have also been investigated.

The upconversion luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+ ions is researched in a novel transparent oxyfluoride borosilicate glass and glass ceramics under 980-nm excitation. Fluoride nanocrystals Ba2YF7 are successfully precipitated in glass matrix, which is affirmed by the X-ray diffraction results. Compared with the parent glasses, significant enhancement of upconversion luminescence is observed in the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped transparent glass-ceramics, which may be due to the variation of coordination environment around Er3+ and Yb3+ ions after crystallization. The possible upconversion mechanism is also discussed.

An asymmetric Jerusalem unit and the frequency selective surface (FSS) structure composed of such units are designed. The transmittance of the designed FSS structure is calculated by mode-matching method and compared with the test results. The comparison results show that the FSS center frequency of the asymmetric structure unit drifts little with the variation of the incident angles of the electromagnetic waves and keeps relatively stable. The research offers a new choice for the application of FSS under the large scanning angle of electromagnetic waves.

A spatial optical switch phenomenon caused by the induced focusing of a weak probe beam occurring in self-defocusing nonlinear media is discussed theoretically. A weak beam is induced to focus when it copropagates with an intense pump beam under the conditions that the probe and pump beams peak at different positions and propagate in different directions. Due to the effect of cross-phase modulation, the weak beam can not only be focused but also be deflected. The phenomenon is discussed by numerically solving the coupled amplitude equations.

To improve the tracking servo performance, a novel signal waveform multi-level (SWML) read-only disc realized on the digital versatile disc (DVD) platform is presented. The characteristic of the differential phase detection (DPD) signal of the SWML read-only disc is analyzed both in theory and experiment. The amplitude of the DPD signal of the SWML read-only disc in an open tracking servo loop is about 2/3 of that of the DVD read-only disc. The uniformity and symmetry of the DPD signal of the SWML read-only disc are similar to those of the DVD read-only disc and better than the former multi-level run-length limited (ML-RLL) read-only disc.

The effects of temperature on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in Kretschmann configuration are studied experimentally and theoretically. SPR experiments are carried out over a temperature range of 278-313 K in steps of 5 K. A detailed theoretical model is provided to analyze the variation of performance with varying temperature of the sensing environment. The temperature dependence of the properties of the metal, dielectric, and analyte are studied, respectively. The numerical results indicate that the predictions of the theoretical model are well consistent with the experiment data.

ZnS thin films are deposited on porous silicon (PS) substrates with different porosities by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the samples are measured at room temperature. The results show that the PL intensity of PS after deposition of ZnS increases and is associated with a blue shift. With the increase of PS porosity, a green emission at about 550 nm is observed in the PL spectra of ZnS/PS systems, which may be ascribed to the defect-center luminescence of ZnS films. Junction current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were studied. The rectifying behavior of I-V characteristics indicates the formation of ZnS/PS heterojunctions, and the forward current is seen to increase when the PS porosity is increased.

An optical bandwidth analysis of a quantum-well (16 nm) transistor laser with 150-\mum cavity length using a charge control model is reported in order to modify the quantum-well location through the base region. At constant bias current, the simulation shows significant enhancement in optical bandwidth due to moving the quantum well in the direction of collector-base junction. No remarkable resonance peak, limiting factor in laser diodes, is observed during this modification in transistor laser structure. The method can be utilized for transistor laser structure design.

We propose a feasible scheme to create macroscopically entangled atom-photon pairs by preparing an input optical superposition state. Several interesting non-classical quantum statistical effects like the atomic squeezed effects are clearly demonstrated. The making and manipulation of entangled atom-photon pairs are useful for, e.g., high-precision interferometry and quantum information science.

We present a linear optical scheme for achieving a unity fidelity teleportation of a two-particle four-component squeezed vacuum state using two entangled squeezed vacuum states as quantum channel. The devices used are beam splitters and ideal photon detectors capable of distinguishing between odd and even photon numbers. Moreover, we also obtain the success probability of the teleportation scheme.

Sudden birth of entanglement between two initially separate atoms interacting with two entangled photons in a double JC model is investigated, and the influences of different atomic initial states on entanglement among atoms are discussed. The results show that sudden birth of entanglement can occur when the two atoms are initially in excited states.OCIS code: 270.0270.doi: 10.3788/COL20090705.0443.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10374025) and the Education Ministry of Hunan Province (No. 06A038).1. A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935).2. A. K. Ekert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991).3. C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993).4. J. I. Cirac and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4091 (1995).5. I. Sainz, A. B. Klimov, and L. Roa, Phys. Rev. A 73, 032303 (2006).6. M. Franca Santos, P. Milman, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, Phys. Rev. A 73, 040305(R) (2006).7. Z. Ficek and R. Tanas, Phys. Rev. A 74, 024304 (2006).8. J. Qian, X. Feng, and S. Gong, Chin. Opt. Lett. 5, 484 (2007).9. Y.-H. Hu, M.-F. Fang, C.-L. Jiang, and K. Zeng, Chin. Phys. B 17, 1784 (2008).10. T. Yu and J. H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 140404 (2004).11. T. Yu and J. H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140403 (2006).12. G.-F. Zhang and Z.-Y. Chen, Opt. Commun. 275, 274 (2007).13. G.-F. Zhang, Chin. Phys. 16, 1855 (2007).14. Q. Yang, M. Yang, and Z.-L. Cao, Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 825 (2008).15. N. Metwally, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 47, 623 (2008).16. M. P. Almeida, F. de Melo, M. Hor-Meyll, A. Salles, S. P. Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, and L. Davidovich, Science 316, 579 (2007).17. J. Laurat, K. S. Choi, H. Deng, C. W. Chou, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 180504 (2007).18. L. Mazzola, S. Maniscalco, J. Piilo, K.-A. Suominen, and B. M. Garraway, quant-ph 0812.3546, (2008).19. Z. Ficek and R. Tanas, Phys. Rev. A 77, 054301 (2008).20. C. E. López, G. Romero, F. Lastra, E. Solano, and J. C. Retamal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 080503 (2008).

A novel method to measure the absolute phase shift on reflection of thin film is presented utilizing a white-light interferometer in spectral domain. By applying Fourier transformation to the recorded spectral interference signal, we retrieve the spectral phase function \phi which is induced by three parts: the path length difference in air L the effective thickness of slightly dispersive cube beam splitter T_{eff} and the nonlinear phase function due to multi-reflection of the thin film structure. We utilize the fact that the overall optical path difference (OPD) is linearly dependent on the refractive index of the beam splitter to determine both L and T_{eff}. The spectral phase shift on reflection of thin film structure can be obtained by subtracting these two parts from \phi. We show theoretically and experimentally that our new method can provide a simple and fast solution in calculating the absolute spectral phase function of optical thin films, while still maintaining high accuracy.

High-refractive-index materials LaF3, NdF3, and GdF3 and low-refractive-index materials MgF2, AlF3, and Na3AlF6 single thin films are deposited by a resistive-heating boat at different depositing rates and specific substrate temperatures on single crystal MgF2 substrates. Transmittances of all fluoride thin films are measured using commercial spectrometer in the ambient atmosphere and under vacuum using synchrotron radiation instrument in the wavelength region from 190 to 500 nm. The optical constants of these materials are determined by envelope method and iterative algorithm on the basis of transmittance measurements.

The X-ray Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) imaging experiment with single layer is implemented. Based on the astigmatism aberration and residual geometric aberration of a single mirror, a KB system with 16X mean magnification and approximately 0.45\circ razing incidence angle is designed. The mirrors are deposited with an Ir layer of 20-nm thickness. Au grids backlit by X-ray tube of 8 keV are imaged via the KB system on scintillator charge-coupled device (CCD). In the \pm80 \mum field, resolutions of less than 5 \mum are measured. The result is in good agreement with the simulated imaging.