2017, 15(3) Column
Chinese Optics Letters 第15卷 第3期
Recently there is an increasing interest in tailored optical fields with complex amplitude, phase and polarization spatial distributions, as well as specifically designed temporal waveforms. Scalar optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum and vectorial vortices such as radially and azimuthally polarized beams are among the most intensively studied examples. Comprehensive summaries of earlier developments can be found in several recent articles and edited books, e.g., by Zhan (
It is known that one can determine the mode orders (i.e., the azimuthal order and radial order) of a partially coherent LG p l LG p l
030.1670 Coherent optical effects 050.4865 Optical vortices 350.5500 Propagation 
Linear and angular momenta in tightly focused vortex segmented beams of light (Invited Paper)
Download：1077次
Download：1077次We investigate the linear momentum density of light, which can be decomposed into spin and orbital parts, in the complex three-dimensional field distributions of tightly focused vortex segmented beams. The chosen angular spectrum exhibits two spatially separated vortices of opposite charge and orthogonal circular polarization to generate phase vortices in a meridional plane of observation. In the vicinity of those vortices, regions of negative orbital linear momentum occur. Besides these phase vortices, the occurrence of transverse orbital angular momentum manifests in a vortex charge-dependent relative shift of the energy density and linear momentum density.
260.5430 Polarization 260.1960 Diffraction theory 
Refractive index measurement of dielectric samples using highly focused radially polarized light (Invited Paper)Download：673次
Download：673次In this Letter, a refractive index measurement of a dielectric sample using highly focused radially polarized light is reported. Through imaging analysis of the optical field at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens reflected by the sample under study, the Brewster angle is found. Employing a high NA objective lens allows the measurement of multiple angles of incidence from 0° to 64° in a single shot. The refractive index of the sample is estimated using the measured Brewster angle. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical images computed with the Fresnel theory, and a good agreement is obtained.
120.5410 Polarimetry 120.4640 Optical instruments 260.5430 Polarization 
Data information transfer using complex optical fields: a review and perspective (Invited Paper)Download：1242次
Download：1242次Tailored complex optical fields, may find applications in optical manipulation, imaging, microscopy, quantum information processing, and optical communications. Here, we focus on data information transfer for optical communications using complex optical fields. We review recent research progress in complex optical field modulation, multiplexing, and multicasting for data information transfer on different platforms of waveguides, free space, and fiber. Challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
060.4510 Optical communications 050.4865 Optical vortices 060.4080 Modulation 060.4230 Multiplexing 
Stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation of light beams carrying orbit angular momentum (Invited Paper)Download：918次
Download：918次We investigate the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) properties of light beams carrying orbit angular momentum (OAM). The phase conjugation of light beams carrying OAM is experimentally achieved in an SBS mirror with a random phase plate. The spectrum and the pulse width compression of SBS light are measured. It is shown that the phenomena of pulse compression is observed and OAM conservation is confirmed in the SBS process. The OAM transfer from photons to phonons may find potential applications in photon-phonon conversion-based signal-processing schemes by using OAM multiplexing.
290.5900 Scattering, stimulated Brillouin 190.5040 Phase conjugation 050.4865 Optical vortices 
Femtosecond (fs) cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) have found use in many applications in recent years. However, the existing rigid generation methods seriously limit its development. Here, we propose a flexible method for generating fs-CVBs with arbitrary polarization order by employing half wave plates and vortex retarders. The polarization state, autocorrelation width, pulse width, and spectrum features of the input and generated CVB pulses are measured and compared. The results verify that the generated CVBs remain in the fs regime with no appreciable temporal distortion, and the energy conversion efficiency can reach as high as 96.5%, even for a third-order beam. As a flexible way to generate fs-CVBs, this method will have great significance for many applications.
260.5430 Polarization 320.2250 Femtosecond phenomena 
In this Letter, an effective method using a mode selective coupler (MSC), which is composed of a three-core fiber is presented to generate optical vortices (OVs). The conversions of OVs with different topological charges, 0 → ± 1 0 → ± 3
060.2310 Fiber optics 060.5060 Phase modulation 230.2285 Fiber devices and optical amplifiers 050.4865 Optical vortices 
We generate and measure the versatile vortex linear light bullet, which combines a high-order Bessel beam and an Airy pulse. This three-dimensional optical wave packet propagates without distortion in any medium, while carrying an orbital angular momentum. Its non-varying feature in linear propagation is verified by a three-dimensional measurement. Such a novel versatile linear light bullet can be useful in various applications such as micromachining.
320.7090 Ultrafast lasers 320.7100 Ultrafast measurements 
Optical tug-of-war tweezers: shaping light for dynamic control of bacterial cells (Invited Paper)Download：931次
Download：931次We design and demonstrate new types of optical tweezers with lateral pulling forces that allow full control of biological samples with complex geometric shapes. With appropriate beam shaping, the dual tug-of-war tweezers effectively hold and stretch elongated biological objects of different sizes, and the triangular tug-of-war tweezers with threefold rotational symmetry steadily hold asymmetric objects in the plane of observation and exert stretching forces along three directions. We successfully apply these tweezers to manipulate microparticles and bacterial cells in aqueous media.
350.4855 Optical tweezers or optical manipulation 140.3300 Laser beam shaping 170.0170 Medical optics and biotechnology 
Light fields with extraordinary propagation behaviors, such as nondiffracting and self-bending, are useful in the optical delivery of energy, information, and even objects. A kind of helical beam is constructed here based on the caustic method. With the appropriate design, the main lobe of these helical beams can be both well-confined and almost nondiffracting, while moving along a helix with its radius, period, number of rotations, and main lobes highly adjustable. In addition, the peak intensity of the main lobe fluctuates below 15% during propagation. These promising characteristics may enable a variety of potential applications based on these beams.
070.2580 Paraxial wave optics 070.7345 Wave propagation 080.1510 Propagation methods 
Remotely sensing an object’s rotational orientation using the orbital angular momentum of light (Invited Paper)Download：1312次
Download：1312次Remotely sensing an object with light is essential for burgeoning technologies, such as autonomous vehicles. Here, an object’s rotational orientation is remotely sensed using light’s orbital angular momentum. An object is illuminated by and partially obstructs a Gaussian light beam. Using an SLM, the phase differences between the partially obstructed Gaussian light beam’s constituent OAM modes are measured analogous to Stokes polarimetry. It is shown that the phase differences are directly proportional to the object’s rotational orientation. Comparison to the use of a pixelated camera and implementation in the millimeter wave regime are discussed.
280.4788 Optical sensing and sensors 280.3420 Laser sensors 260.6042 Singular optics 080.4865 Optical vortices 140.3295 Laser beam characterization 
Tuning the fields focused by a high NA lens using spirally polarized beams (Invited Paper)Download：700次
Download：700次We show the power of spirally polarized doughnut beams as a tool for tuning the field distribution in the focus of a high numerical aperture (NA) lens. Different and relevant states of polarization as well as field distributions can be created by the simple turning of a λ / 2
180.1790 Confocal microscopy 170.6900 Three-dimensional microscopy 260.5430 Polarization 
We present the investigation on deformation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in bending ring-core fibers (RCFs) with different structure sizes through numerical and experimental studies. The effective refractive index differences of even and odd fiber eigenmodes, which constitute OAM ± 1 , 1 OAM ± 1 , 1
050.4865 Optical vortices 060.2270 Fiber characterization 060.2310 Fiber optics 
Investigation of Fano resonance in compound resonant waveguide gratings for optical sensingDownload：836次
Download：836次An optical sensor is designed to support the Fano effect based on a compound resonant waveguide grating (CRWG). The transmission spectra of the CRWG are investigated by utilizing a theoretical method that combines the temporal coupled mode theory with the eigenmode information of the grating structure. The theoretical results, which are observed to agree closely with those acquired by rigorous coupled-wave analysis, show that the linewidth of the transmission spectrum decreases upon increasing the distance between the grating strips, and the central resonance frequency decreases as the refractive index of the analyte increases. Here, the proposed CRWG structures will find potential uses in optical sensing.
050.6624 Subwavelength structures 130.6010 Sensors 
The common and traditional method for optical dispersion compensation is concatenating the transmitting optical fiber by a compensating optical fiber having a high-negative dispersion coefficient. In this Letter, we take the opposite direction and show how an optical fiber with a high-positive dispersion coefficient is used for dispersion compensation. Our optical dispersion compensating structure is the optical implementation of an iterative algorithm in signal processing. The proposed dispersion compensating system is constructed by cascading a number of compensating sub-systems, and its compensation capability is improved by increasing the number of embedded sub-systems. We also show that the compensation capability is a trade-off between the transmission length and bandwidth. We use the simulation results to validate the performance of the introduced dispersion compensating module. Photonic crystal fibers with high-positive dispersion coefficients can be used for constructing the proposed optical dispersion compensating module.
060.2360 Fiber optics links and subsystems 070.0070 Fourier optics and signal processing 070.1170 Analog optical signal processing 060.0060 Fiber optics and optical communications 
Carrier-less amplitude and phase modulated visible light communication system based on a constellation-shaping schemeDownload：1057次
Download：1057次In this Letter, we propose a novel constellation-shaping carrier-less amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation scheme to alleviate the systematic nonlinearity in visible light communication (VLC) systems. A simple geometric transformation shaping method is employed to convert the normal square lattice constellation into multiple circular constellations. The feasibility and performance are investigated and experimentally demonstrated by a 1.25 Gb/s CAP-modulated VLC system. The results indicate that the circular constellation has better resistance to systematic nonlinearity compared with a rectangular constellation. The dynamic range of input signal peak-to-peak values promotes 20% at a low bias voltage nonlinear area and 50% at a high bias voltage nonlinear area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time constellation-shaping CAP has ever been reported in indoor high data rate VLC systems.
060.4080 Modulation 060.2605 Free-space optical communication 
Ultra-compact silicon-arrayed waveguide grating routers for optical interconnect systemsDownload：1046次
Download：1046次We present compact silicon-arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) with three different channel spacings of 20, 6.4, and 3.2 nm for optical interconnect systems. The AWGR with the 20 nm channel spacing shows a low loss of 2.5 dB and a low crosstalk of 20 dB 0.27 mm × 0.19 mm 18 dB 12 dB
060.1810 Buffers, couplers, routers,switches, and multiplexers 130.3120 Integrated optics devices 200.4650 Optical interconnects 
The influence of the nonlinear propagation effect on three 400 Gb/s/ch (400G) optical fiber communication systems with typical modulation formats, dual-carrier 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), single-carrier 16QAM (single-16QAM), and four-carrier quadrature phase-shift keying, are investigated. The received optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), affected by the nonlinear interference noise together with the amplified spontaneous emission noise, are compared with three 400G systems and a standard 100 Gb/s/ch system by numerical simulations. Both single channel and multichannel cases are considered. Single-16QAM is found to have the best OSNR among those modulation formats.
060.1660 Coherent communications 060.2330 Fiber optics communications 190.4370 Nonlinear optics, fibers 
Fault monitoring in passive optical network using code division multiplex-based dual-OTDR traces comparisonDownload：823次
Download：823次A dual optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) system, which employs two different continuous waves at the optical line terminal and a pair of fiber Bragg gratings at the end of each optical network unit, is proposed in a time-division multiplexing passive optical network (PON). The proposed scheme accomplishes the fiber fault monitoring by comparing the different wavelength’s testing curves. Complete complementary code is utilized to measure multiple wavelength signals simultaneously with only one receiver and to improve the dynamic range of this system. The PON system consisting of 20 km feeding fiber and a 1:16 splitter is investigated by the experiments. The experimental results show that the faulty branch can be successfully identified by using our scheme. What is more, we also demonstrate that our scheme can be applied to the multi-stage PON.
120.4825 Optical time domain reflectometry 060.3735 Fiber Bragg gratings 060.2300 Fiber measurements 
A frequency-stabilized laser system at 1572 nm for space-borne carbon dioxide (CO 2 CO 2 CO 2
140.3425 Laser stabilization 300.6380 Spectroscopy, modulation 350.6090 Space optics 280.1910 DIAL, differential absorption lidar 
We demonstrate a single-longitudinal-mode Ho 3 + : YVO 4 Q M 2
140.3560 Lasers, ring 140.3570 Lasers, single-mode 140.3580 Lasers, solid-state 
We report a waveguide crossing based on a multimode-interference (MMI) structure for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides. The MMI-based crossing comprises two orthogonal intersecting MMI waveguides that are connected to the single-mode input/output waveguide symmetrically. Single self-images are formed at the crossing center and output plane of the MMI waveguide, thereby mitigating the crosstalk and improving the throughput. The characteristics of the proposed MMI-based crossing are investigated with the finite element method of Comsol Multiphysics. The results show that the throughput reaches 1.8 dB 46 dB
230.7370 Waveguides 240.6680 Surface plasmons 250.5300 Photonic integrated circuits 
We present a simple method to measure the spatial coherence of hard x-ray beams. Based on the convolution of Gaussian functions, we analyze the diffraction patterns of a grating irradiated by partially coherent hard x rays with a constrained beam diameter. The spatial coherence properties of an x-ray beam are obtained from the width of the diffraction peaks with high accuracy. The results of experiments conducted by combining a pinhole with a grating show a good agreement with our calculation using the Gaussian–Schell model.
340.6720 Synchrotron radiation 030.1640 Coherence 050.1950 Diffraction gratings 
影响因子:3.5
CN:31-1890/O4
ISSN:1671-7694
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