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Photonics Research 第8卷 第11期

Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
2 Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
3 Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
4 e-mail: hanwei.gao@fsu.edu
5 e-mail: tom.wu@unsw.edu.au
Halide perovskites, such as methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX3, X=I, Br, and Cl), are emerging as promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors, due to their superior optoelectronic properties. All-inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 are attracting a lot of attention because replacing the organic cations with Cs+ enhances the stability, and its halide-mixing derivatives offer broad bandgap tunability covering nearly the entire visible spectrum. However, there is evidence suggesting that the optical properties of mixed-halide perovskites are influenced by phase segregation under external stimuli, especially illumination, which may negatively impact the performance of optoelectronic devices. It is reported that the mixed-halide perovskites in forms of thin films and nanocrystals are segregated into a low-bandgap I-rich phase and a high-bandgap Br-rich phase. Herein, we present a critical review on the synthesis and basic properties of all-inorganic perovskites, phase-segregation phenomena, plausible mechanisms, and methods to mitigate phase segregation, providing insights on advancing mixed-halide perovskite optoelectronics with reliable performance.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11000A56
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are hybrid layered materials in which the inorganic lattice of an octahedron is sandwiched by organic layers. They behave as a quantum-well structure exhibiting large exciton binding energy and high emission efficiency, which is excellent for photonic applications. Hence, the cavity modulation and cavity devices of 2D perovskites are widely investigated. In this review, we summarize the rich photophysics, synthetic methods of different cavity structures, and the cavity-based applications of 2D perovskites. We highlight the strong exciton–photon coupling and photonic lasing obtained in different cavity structures. In addition, functional optoelectronic devices using cavity structures of 2D perovskites are also reviewed.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11000A72
Author Affiliations
Abstract
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Manipulating radiation is important for a variety of optoelectronic applications, such as on-chip lasers, energy-efficient grating couplers, and antennas for light detection and ranging. Although designing and optimizing those optoelectronic devices are usually believed to be an engineering-oriented task, recent research reveals that the principles underlying radiation manipulation are closely connected to the concept of topology—the study of properties that are invariant under continuous deformations. In this review, we summarize a series of advances of the physics, phenomena, and applications related to radiation manipulation, in which topological concepts were adopted. Radiation could carry energy escaping from the system, breaking the energy conservation. The non-Hermiticity of such systems brings quite different physical consequences when comparing with the Hermitian counterparts and, hence, also results in the emergence of many interesting and extraordinary phenomena. In particular, it is found that the perfect trapping of light can still be realized in such non-Hermitian systems because of the photonic realization of bound states in the continuum. The fundamental nature of bound states in the continuum has been identified to be topological: they are essentially topological defects of the polarization vector field in momentum space, depicted by a kind of topological invariant named topological charges. Therefore, manipulation of radiation channels can be realized by controlling the topological charge evolution in momentum space. It is also demonstrated that the photonic states accompanied with different topological charges generate vortex beams with unique far-field radiation patterns, and ultra-fast switching of such vortex beams is demonstrated according to this principle. The progresses of topological photonics upon light radiation show that the topology is not just mathematical convenience for depicting photonic systems, but has brought realistic consequences in manipulating light and will boost the applications of photonics and optoelectronics in many aspects.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11000B25
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2 College of Physics and Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
The realization of robust coherent energy transfer with a long range from a donor to an acceptor has many important applications in the field of quantum optics. However, it is hard to be realized using conventional schemes. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that robust energy transfer can be achieved using a photonic crystal platform, which includes the topologically protected edge state and zero-dimensional topological corner cavities. When the donor and the acceptor are put into a pair of separated topological cavities, the energy transfer between them can be fulfilled with the assistance of the topologically protected interface state. Such an energy transfer is robust against various kinds of defects, and can also occur over very long distances, which is very beneficial for biological detections, sensors, quantum information science, and so on.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11000B39
Xinxin Li 1,2,3Zhen Deng 1,3,4,*Jun Li 1,3Yangfeng Li 1,3[ ... ]Hong Chen 1,3,6,7
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 The Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang 213000, China
5 Department of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
6 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
7 e-mail: hchen@iphy.ac.cn
An internal photoemission-based silicon photodetector detects light below the silicon bandgap at room temperature and can exhibit spectrally broad behavior, making it potentially suited to meet the need for a near-infrared pure Si photodetector. In this work, the implementation of a thin Au insertion layer into an ITO/n-Si Schottky photodetector can profoundly affect the barrier height and significantly improve the device performance. By fabricating a nanoscale thin Au layer and an ITO electrode on a silicon substrate, we achieve a well-behaved ITO/Au/n-Si Schottky diode with a record dark current density of 3.7×10-7 A/cm2 at -1 V and a high rectification ratio of 1.5×108 at ±1 V. Furthermore, the responsivity has been obviously improved without sacrificing the dark current performance of the device by decreasing the Au thickness. Such a silicon-based photodetector with an enhanced performance could be a promising strategy for the realization of a monolithic integrated pure silicon photodetector in optical communication.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001662
Author Affiliations
Abstract
National Institute of LED on Silicon Substrate, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330096, China
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered a promising candidate for red-green-blue (RGB) micro displays. Currently, the blue and green LEDs are efficient, while the red ones are inefficient for such applications. This paper reports our work of creating efficient InGaN-based orange and red LEDs on silicon(111) substrates at low current density. Based on the structure of InGaN yellow LEDs, by simply reducing the growth temperature of all the yellow quantum wells (QWs), we obtained 599 nm orange LEDs with peak wall-plug efficiency (WPE) of 18.1% at 2 A/cm2. An optimized QW structure was proposed that changed two of the nine yellow QWs to orange ones. Compared with the sample containing nine orange QWs, the sample with two orange QWs and seven yellow QWs showed similar emission spectra but a much higher peak WPE up to 24.0% at 0.8 A/cm2 with a wavelength of 608 nm. The improvement of peak WPE can be attributed to the improved QW quality and the reduced active recombination volume. Subsequently, a series of efficient InGaN-based orange and red LEDs was demonstrated. With further development, the InGaN-based red LEDs are believed to be attainable and can be used in micro LED displays.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001671
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
2 Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
4 Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
5 e-mail: kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov
Whispering-gallery microcavities have been used to realize a variety of efficient parametric nonlinear optical processes through the enhanced light–matter interaction brought about by supporting multiple high quality factor and small modal volume resonances. Critical to such studies is the ability to control the relative frequencies of the cavity modes, so that frequency matching is achieved to satisfy energy conservation. Typically this is done by tailoring the resonator cross section. Doing so modifies the frequencies of all of the cavity modes, that is, the global dispersion profile, which may be undesired, for example, in introducing competing nonlinear processes. Here, we demonstrate a frequency engineering tool, termed multiple selective mode splitting (MSMS), that is independent of the global dispersion and instead allows targeted and independent control of the frequencies of multiple cavity modes. In particular, we show controllable frequency shifts up to 0.8 nm, independent control of the splitting of up to five cavity modes with optical quality factors ?105, and strongly suppressed frequency shifts for untargeted modes. The MSMS technique can be broadly applied to a wide variety of nonlinear optical processes across different material platforms and can be used to both selectively enhance processes of interest and suppress competing unwanted processes.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001676
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center; International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2 e-mail: nghui@21cn.com
Two-dimensional (2D) tin diselenide (SnSe2), a novel layered material with excellent optical and electronic properties, has been extensively investigated in various promising applications, including photodetectors, optical switching, and ultrafast photonics. In this work, SnSe2 nanosheets have been obtained after pretreatment in an alkaloid, exhibiting high optical absorption and electron-enriched properties. Besides, the performances of the prepared SnSe2 in near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) ultrafast photonics are presented. Notably, by employing the SnSe2-deposited microfiber device as a saturable absorber (SA) exhibiting typical nonlinear optical absorption properties, stable ultrashort pulses and rogue waves are realized in an erbium-doped fiber laser. Furthermore, the SnSe2-deposited SA device is also applied to a thulium-doped fiber laser to achieve stable ultrashort pulses. This study indicates that SnSe2 is expected to be a suitable candidate for ultrafast fiber lasers in the NIR and MIR regions.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001687
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2 School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3 Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
4 School of Physics and Astronomy, and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
5 e-mail: chyuan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn
6 e-mail: lqchen@phy.ecnu.edu.cn
Atom–light interface is at the core of quantum metrology and quantum information science. Associated noises during interaction processes are always inevitable and adverse. In this paper, we perform the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a hot Rb87 vapor cell and demonstrate the reduction of related noises originated from mode mismatch via optimizing the temporal waveform of the input seed. By using the seed with the optimized mode, the intensity fluctuation of the signal field generated in atom–light interaction is decreased by 4.3 dB. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the intensity difference between the signal and atomic spin wave is reduced by 3.1 dB. Such a temporal mode-cleaning method can be applied to improve the precision of atom interferometry using SRS and should be helpful for quantum information processing based on an atom–light correlated system.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001697
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
2 Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
3 Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
The flexibile nature of optical fiber enables it to offer remote-access capabilities, which could be used in many biomedical applications. This review focuses on different micro- and nano-structured fiber probes for applications in biosensing, imaging, and stimulations. The modifications to fiber could extend design freedom from waveguide optimization to functional material integration. Fiber probes with optimized waveguide structures or integrated functional materials could achieve enhanced optical mode interaction with biosamples, and hence obtain ultrasensitive biosensors with a remarkably low limit of detection. Furthermore, bioimaging with a high spatial resolution can be obtained by engineering dispersion and nonlinearity of light propagation in the fiber core or designing a metal-coated tapered fiber tip with a sub-wavelength aperture. Flat metasurfaces can be assembled on a fiber tip to achieve a large depth of focus and remove aberrations. Fiber is also a compact solution to realize the precise delivery of light for in vivo applications, such as deep brain stimulation. The optical beam size, shape, and direction could be steered by the probe parameters. Micro- and nano-technologies integrated with fiber contribute to various approaches to further improve detection limit, sensitivity, optical resolution, imaging depth, and stimulation precision.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001703
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2 e-mail: junhe@csu.edu.cn
3 e-mail: wyw1988@csu.edu.cn
The reorientation of 2D materials caused by nonlocal electron coherence is the formation mechanism of 2D material spatial self-phase modulation under laser irradiation, which is widely known as the “wind-chime” model. Here, we present a method that provides strong evidence for the reorientation of 2D-material-induced spatial self-phase modulation. The traditional “wind-chime” model was modified by taking into account the attenuation, i.e., damping of the incident light beam in the direction of the optical path. Accordingly, we can extract the nonlinear refractive index of a single MoS2 nanosheet, instead of simply obtaining the index from an equivalent MoS2 film that was constructed by all nanosheets. Our approach introduces a universal and accurate method to extract intrinsic nonlinear optical parameters from 2D material systems.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001725
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials & Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
3 Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
4 QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
5 e-mail: jlzhao@nwpu.edu.cn
We report an indium phosphide nanowire (NW)-induced cavity in a silicon planar photonic crystal (PPC) waveguide to improve the light–NW coupling. The integration of NW shifts the transmission band of the PPC waveguide into the mode gap of the bare waveguide, which gives rise to a microcavity located on the NW section. Resonant modes with Q factors exceeding 103 are obtained. Leveraging on the high density of the electric field in the microcavity, the light–NW interaction is enhanced strongly for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion. Second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation in the NW are realized with a continuous-wave pump laser in a power level of tens of microwatts, showing a cavity-enhancement factor of 112. The hybrid integration structure of NW-PPC waveguide and the self-formed microcavity not only opens a simple strategy to effectively enhance light–NW interactions, but also provides a compact platform to construct NW-based on-chip active devices.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001734
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
2 e-mail: lixia_li@htu.edu.cn
3 e-mail: liuyufang2005@126.com
Magneto-plasmonic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance have been studied considerably in recent years, as they feature high sensitivity and ultrahigh resolution. However, the majority of such investigations focus on prism-based sandwich architectures that not only impede the miniaturization of devices but also have a weak transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in magnitude. Herein, we theoretically demonstrate a magneto-plasmonic sensor composed of Au/Co bilayer nanodisk arrays on top of optically thick metallic films, which supports a narrow surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bandwidth of 7 nm and allows for refractive index sensitivities as high as 717 nm/RIU. Thanks to the high-quality SPR mode, a Fano-like TMOKE spectrum with a subnanometer bandwidth can be achieved in the proposed structure, thereby giving rise to ultrahigh sensing of merit values as large as 7000 in water. Moreover, we demonstrate a large TMOKE magnitude that exceeds 0.6. The value is 1 order of magnitude larger than that of magneto-plasmonic sensors reported. We also demonstrate that the behavior of TMOKE spectra can be controlled by tuning the geometrical parameters of the device including the diameter and thickness of nanodisk arrays. This work provides a promising route for designing magneto-plasmonic sensors based on metasurfaces or metamaterials.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001742
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2 Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
4 Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
5 Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
6 e-mail: dxyang@nwpu.edu.cn
Plasmonic devices using periodic metallic nanostructures have recently gained tremendous interest for color filters, sensing, surface enhanced spectroscopy, and enhanced photoluminescence, etc. However, the performance of such plasmonic devices is severely hampered by the solid substrates supporting the metallic nanostructures. Here, a strategy for freestanding metallic nanomembranes is introduced by taking advantages of hollow substrate structures. Large-area and highly uniform gold nanomembranes with nanohole array are fabricated via a flexible and simple replication-releasing method. The hollow structures include a hollow core fiber with 30 μm core diameter and two ferrules with their hole diameter as 125 and 500 μm, respectively. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, 2 times higher sensitivity of the bulk refractive index is obtained with this platform compared to that of a counterpart on a solid silica substrate. Such a portable and compact configuration provides unique opportunities to explore the intrinsic properties of the metal nanomembranes and paves a new way to fabricate high-performance plasmonic devices for biomolecule sensing and color filter.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001749
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
2 Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
3 School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
4 e-mail: kathirvel.nallappan@polymtl.ca
5 e-mail: maksim.skorobogatiy@polymtl.ca
Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) is the next frontier for ultra-high-speed communication systems. Currently, most of communications research in this spectral range is focused on wireless systems, while waveguide/fiber-based links have been less explored. Although free space communications have several advantages such as convenience in mobility for the end user, as well as easier multi-device interconnectivity in simple environments, fiber-based communications provide superior performance in certain short-range communication applications such as multi-device connectivity in complex geometrical environments (ex., intra-vehicle connectivity) and secure communications with low probability of eavesdropping, as well as secure signal delivery to hard-to-reach or highly protected environments. In this work, we present an in-depth experimental and numerical study of the short-range THz communications links that use subwavelength dielectric fibers for information transmission and define the main challenges and trade-offs in the link implementation. Particularly, we use air or foam-cladded polypropylene-core subwavelength dielectric THz fibers of various diameters (0.57–1.75 mm) to study link performance as a function of the link length of up to 10 m, and data bit rates of up to 6 Gbps at the carrier frequency of 128 GHz (2.34 mm wavelength). We find that depending on the fiber diameter, the quality of the transmitted signal is mostly limited either by the modal propagation loss or by the fiber velocity dispersion (GVD). An error-free transmission over 10 m is achieved for the bit rate of 4 Gbps using the fiber of smaller 0.57 mm diameter. Furthermore, since the fields of subwavelength fibers are weakly confined and extend deep into the air cladding, we study the modal field extent outside of the fiber core, as well as fiber bending loss. Finally, the power budget of the rod-in-air subwavelength THz fiber-based links is compared to that of free space communication links, and we demonstrate that fiber links offer an excellent solution for various short-range applications.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001757
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 National Information Optoelectronics Innovation Center, China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation (CICT), Wuhan 430074, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation (CICT), Wuhan 430074, China
3 Accelink Technologies Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430205, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
5 Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
6 e-mail: xxiao@wri.com.cn
7 e-mail: qinan@semi.ac.cn
We demonstrate the optical transmission of an 800 Gbit/s (4×200 Gbit/s) pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4) signal and a 480 Gbit/s (4×120 Gbit/s) on–off-keying (OOK) signal by using a high-bandwidth (BW) silicon photonic (SiP) transmitter with the aid of digital signal processing (DSP). In this transmitter, a four-channel SiP modulator chip is co-packaged with a four-channel driver chip, with a measured 3 dB BW of 40 GHz. DSP is applied in both the transmitter and receiver sides for pre-/post-compensation and bit error rate (BER) calculation. Back-to-back (B2B) BERs of the PAM-4 signal and OOK signal are first measured for each channel of the transmitter with respect to a variety of data rates. Similar BER performance of four channels shows good uniformity of the transmitter between different channels. The BER penalty of the PAM-4 and OOK signals for 500 m and 1 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission is then experimentally tested by using one channel of the transmitter. For a 200 Gbit/s PAM-4 signal, the BER is below the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold for B2B and below the soft-decision FEC (SD-FEC) threshold after 1 km transmission. For a 120 Gbit/s OOK signal, the BER is below SD-FEC threshold for B2B. After 500 m and 1 km transmission, the data rate of the OOK signal shrinks to 119 Gbit/s and 118 Gbit/s with the SD-FEC threshold, respectively. Finally, the 800 Gbit/s PAM-4 signal with 1 km transmission is achieved with the BER of all four channels below the SD-FEC threshold.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001776
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physics, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran
We have found an incorrect formula to estimate the root mean square (rms) amplitude of the molecular vibration in the molecular optomechanics systems reported by J. Liu et al. [Photon. Res.5, 450–456 (2017)PRHEIZ2327-912510.1364/PRJ.5.000450]. In contrast with common optomechanical systems, the equilibrium position for molecular optomechanics systems used in the letter cannot be achieved by the equipartition theorem. Here, we achieve the effective temperature of molecules and then provide a corrected formula for the estimation of the rms amplitude of molecular motion. Using defined effective temperature into our new formula, we show that the minimal measurable force is (F1.7×10-14 N), which it is 1 order bigger than the result of the main paper, and it is also in accordance with numerical calculation through the Lindblad master equation.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001783
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
2 Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
3 Nikkiso Giken Co., Ltd., 1-5-1 Asahigaoka, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0004, Japan
In this work, we analyze and model the effect of a constant current stress on an ultraviolet light-emitting diode with a nominal wavelength of 285 nm. By carrying out electrical, optical, spectral, and steady-state photocapacitance (SSPC) analysis during stress, we demonstrate the presence of two different degradation mechanisms. The first one occurs in the first 1000 min of stress, is ascribed to the decrease in the injection efficiency, and is modeled by considering the defect generation dynamics related to the de-hydrogenation of gallium vacancies, according to a system of three differential equations; the second one occurs after 1000 min of stress and is correlated with the generation of mid-gap defects, for which we have found evidence in the SSPC measurements. Specifically, we detected the presence of deep-level states (at 1.6 eV) and mid-gap states (at 2.15 eV), indicating that stress induces the generation of non-radiative recombination centers.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001786
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
2 State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
We propose and demonstrate experimentally and numerically a network of three globally coupled semiconductor lasers (SLs) that generate triple-channel chaotic signals with time delayed signature (TDS) concealment. The effects of the coupling strength and bias current on the concealment of the TDS are investigated. The generated chaotic signals are further applied to reinforcement learning, and a parallel scheme is proposed to solve the multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem. The influences of mutual correlation between signals from different channels, the sampling interval of signals, and the TDS concealment on the performance of decision making are analyzed. Comparisons between the proposed scheme and two existing schemes show that, with a simplified algorithm, the proposed scheme can perform as well as the previous schemes or even better. Moreover, we also consider the robustness of decision making performance against a dynamically changing environment and verify the scalability for MAB problems with different sizes. This proposed globally coupled SL network for a multi-channel chaotic source is simple in structure and easy to implement. The attempt to solve the MAB problem in parallel can provide potential values in the realm of the application of ultrafast photonics intelligence.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001792
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 e-mail: guojj018@tsinghua.edu.cn
Dopamine (DA), as a neurotransmitter in human brain, plays a crucial role in reward motivation and motor control. An improper level of DA can be associated with neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. To quantify DA, optical DA sensors have emerged as an attractive platform due to their capability of high-precision and label-free measurement, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, the lack of selectivity, limited biocompatibility, and complex fabrication processes are challenges that hinder their clinical applications. Here, we report a soft and biocompatible luminescent hydrogel optical sensor capable of recognizing and quantifying DA with a simple and compact interrogation setup. The sensor is made of a hydrogel optical fiber (HOF) incorporated with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). DA molecules are detected through the luminescence energy transfer (LET) between the UCNPs and the oxidation products of DA, while the light-guiding HOF enables both excitation and emission collection of the UCNPs. The hydrogel sensor provides an optical readout that shows a linear response up to 200 μmol/L with a detection limit as low as 83.6 nmol/L. Our results show that the UCNP-based hydrogel sensor holds great promise of serving as a soft and biocompatible probe for monitoring DA in situ.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001800
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X1S2, Canada
We report dual-view band-limited illumination profilometry (BLIP) with temporally interlaced acquisition (TIA) for high-speed, three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Band-limited illumination based on a digital micromirror device enables sinusoidal fringe projection at up to 4.8 kHz. The fringe patterns are captured alternately by two high-speed cameras. A new algorithm, which robustly matches pixels in acquired images, recovers the object’s 3D shape. The resultant TIA–BLIP system enables 3D imaging over 1000 frames per second on a field of view (FOV) of up to 180 mm × 130 mm (corresponding to 1180×860 pixels) in captured images. We demonstrated TIA–BLIP’s performance by imaging various static and fast-moving 3D objects. TIA–BLIP was applied to imaging glass vibration induced by sound and glass breakage by a hammer. Compared to existing methods in multiview phase-shifting fringe projection profilometry, TIA–BLIP eliminates information redundancy in data acquisition, which improves the 3D imaging speed and the FOV. We envision TIA–BLIP to be broadly implemented in diverse scientific studies and industrial applications.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(11): 11001808