对于一个非相干成像系统,可以将两个非相干点光源的空间分辨能力当作分辨率的标准。除了直接成像外,还可以对像平面上的光场进行其他探测,然后从测量结果中对光源的信息进行统计推断。统计推断的误差极限是由测量结果中的随机性决定的,不同测量方案产生的随机性程度也不同。通过考虑像平面的光场的量子态,使用量子检测和估计理论,可以获得两个关于非相干点光源分辨率的量子极限和最优化测量方案。最近的研究发现,横向空间模式分解复用等方法可以很大程度地改进亚瑞利区域内的两个非相干点光源的分辨率,超越直接成像方法下的经典分辨率极限。本综述介绍了基于量子检测和估计理论的非相干超分辨成像的研究和进展。

For incoherent imaging systems, we can regard the spatial resolution of two incoherent point sources as the standard of resolution. In addition to direct imaging, we can perform measurements on the optical field on the image plane and statistically infer the source information from measurement results. The error limit of statistical inference is determined by the randomness of measurement results. Moreover, the randomness of different measurement schemes is different. By considering the quantum state of the light field in the image plane and using the quantum detection and estimation theory, the quantum limit of the resolution of the two incoherent point light sources and optimal measurement scheme can be obtained. According to recent studies, the resolution of two incoherent point sources in the sub-Rayleigh region can be significantly improved using the method of transverse spatial mode decomposition and multiplexing, which is beyond the classical resolution limit of direct imaging method. In this review, we will introduce the research and development of incoherent super-resolution imaging based on quantum detection and estimation theory.